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Do you know the relationship between copper thickness and circuit width & spacing?

Saturday, September 2nd, 2023

We know the precision control and performance of a product are paramount, only know that PCB can be built with a nice function, so, to understand the intricate relationship between copper thickness and circuit width and spacing is pivotal. These two parameters are like the gears of a well-oiled machine, interlocking in ways that significantly influence the printed circuit board‘s functionality, signal integrity, and manufacturability. If the designer does not consider the relationship between these two, the design may need to be modified in subsequent production.

In order to avoiding this information, let’s embark on a deeper exploration of this dynamic relationship to uncover its nuances and implications now,

Frist of all, we need to know some basic information about PCB, like copper thickness, circuit width and spacing.

The Essence of Copper Thickness

Copper, known for its exceptional electrical conductivity, is the lifeblood of any PCB. The copper thickness refers to the amount of copper deposited onto the board’s surface during fabrication. It’s the foundation upon which the traces, the intricate pathways that carry electrical signals, are built. The standard copper thickness is often measured in ounces per square foot (oz/ft²) or micrometers (µm). Common options include 1oz (35µm), 2oz (70µm), and even higher, it depends on customer’s requirement.

Circuit Width and Spacing

Circuit width and spacing, though often overlooked, are integral components that determine a PCB’s performance, integrity, and overall functionality. Circuit width refers to the dimension of the conductive traces, while spacing pertains to the distance between these traces. These seemingly simple dimensions have a profound impact on the PCB’s behavior.

Secondly, Unveiling the Intricate Relationship

The relationship between copper thickness, circuit width, and spacing is a sophisticated interplay of electrical properties, heat dissipation, and signal integrity. Let’s delve deeper into this complex web of interactions:

Current-Carrying Capacity and Copper Thickness: Copper thickness directly influences a trace’s ability to carry current without succumbing to overheating. Thicker copper translates to higher current-carrying capacity and reduced resistive losses. However, the trade-off is that wider traces are necessary to accommodate the increased copper thickness.

Resistance and Circuit Width: Wider traces exhibit lower resistance, which in turn reduces voltage drop and enhances the efficiency of signal transmission. Designers must strike a balance between trace width, copper thickness, and available board space.

Spacing and Unwanted Interactions: As circuit spacing decreases, the probability of unwanted interactions, such as crosstalk and electromagnetic interference, rises. Thicker copper can exacerbate these issues due to its larger cross-sectional area. Maintaining appropriate spacing between traces is pivotal to prevent signal degradation and maintain integrity.

Heat Dissipation and Trace Width: Thicker copper also aids in better heat dissipation, a crucial consideration for power-intensive applications. However, this can necessitate wider traces to manage the thermal load effectively.

Signal Integrity and Crosstalk: Smaller spacing reduces the risk of crosstalk, but it’s a double-edged sword. Thicker copper traces may introduce higher capacitance, altering impedance and potentially impacting signal integrity. This delicate balance requires careful consideration during design.

For now, we have known the relationship between them, how to develop a best design between the circuit width & spacing and copper thickness, which depends on what’s you really want, the huge current or heat management? Following details should be considered if you want to develop the best circuit width & spacing.

Current Requirements: Start by understanding the current requirements of your traces based on the components and operational conditions. Selecting the appropriate copper thickness and trace width ensures the PCB can handle the anticipated loads.

Thermal Management: Thicker copper facilitates heat dissipation, which is advantageous for power-dissipating components. However, remember that it might necessitate wider traces to ensure effective heat transfer.

Manufacturability: While thicker copper can enhance current-carrying capacity and heat dissipation, it might pose manufacturing challenges. Consult with PCB manufacturers to align your design choices with their capabilities.

Signal Integrity Analysis: Utilize simulation tools to analyze signal integrity, especially when dealing with smaller spacing and thicker copper. These tools provide insights into impedance matching, potential crosstalk, and overall performance.

Flexibility VS Rigidity: While thicker copper enhances many aspects, it can impact the PCB’s flexibility, crucial for certain applications. Evaluate the mechanical demands of your project and strike the right balance.

Regarding metal core PCB in Best Technology, the copper thickness and its accordingly circuit width & spacing like below, furthermore, it would be better if you can let me know your copper thickness before checking your drawing, we will give you the best solution before formal production.

Copper thickness	Minimum circuit width	Minimum circuit spacing
0.5-2oz	0.25mm	0.23mm
3oz	0.35mm	0.3mm
4oz	0.4mm	0.38mm

(trace_design_guide_of_MCPCB)

Conclusion: Striking the Optimal Balance

The intricate relationship between copper thickness, circuit width, and spacing in PCB design embodies a delicate equilibrium that significantly influences a design’s performance and functionality. This nuanced interplay directly impacts parameters such as current-carrying capacity, resistance, heat dissipation, and signal integrity.

Achieving the optimal balance between these factors requires a deep understanding of electrical properties, thermal considerations, and signal behavior. Designers must carefully evaluate the specific requirements of their projects and leverage simulation tools to fine-tune their choices. Collaboration with PCB manufacturers ensures alignment with manufacturing capabilities.

The dynamic nature of this relationship underscores the constant evolution of PCB technology. As devices become smaller, faster, and more interconnected, the demand for intricate layouts intensifies. Designers must continuously adapt to new challenges, pushing the boundaries of what’s achievable while adhering to the fundamental principles that govern PCB design.

Why do ceramic substrates contribute to the breakthrough of 905nm lidar technology?

Friday, September 1st, 2023

LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging, referred to as “LiDAR”) measurement is a system that integrates three technologies: laser, GPS (Global Positioning System), and IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit, inertial measurement unit), used to obtain data and Generate accurate DEMs (Digital Elevation Models). The combination of these three technologies can highly accurately locate the spot of the laser beam on the object, and the ranging accuracy can reach the centimeter level. The biggest advantage of lidar is accurate, fast, and efficient operation.

Lidar is currently widely used in the field of driverless cars and robots. It is known as the “eye” of a generalized robot. It is an active measurement device that measures the precise distance between an object and a sensor by emitting laser light.

As an indispensable sensor for L3 and above automatic driving, lidar has significantly improved the reliability of the automatic driving system with its excellent ranging capability, high angular resolution and sensitivity to ambient light, and has become the key to improving reliability. A key element of autonomous driving systems, but its application is constrained by cost and technical challenges.

In the past, lidar was difficult to apply to mass-produced vehicles due to its high cost. However, recently, with the continuous evolution of technology and market competition, the cost of lidar has gradually decreased, thereby accelerating its application in the field of autonomous driving.

In this evolution process, the emergence of ceramic substrates has played a vital role in the breakthrough of lidar technology – 905nm wavelength lidar has become mainstream. Traditional materials such as FR-4 and FE-3 are difficult to meet the high heat dissipation requirements of lidar, while ceramic substrates rely on their excellent thermal conductivity. For example, the thermal conductivity of aluminum nitride ceramic substrates is as high as 200W/M.K. It effectively solves the heat dissipation problem and provides a guarantee for the stability and life of the lidar.

In lidar, the transmitter is one of the links with the highest value and the highest barriers. On the transmitter side, with the rise of China’s domestic industrial chain and the adjustment of the overall technical route of the industry, among them, 905nm VCSEL laser chips and other products have achieved breakthroughs in the market and become a hot topic in the industry.

The “heart” of the transmitter is the light source. Laser transmitter is the core component of laser technology, and its composition includes laser working medium, excitation source and resonant cavity. In this system, why choose a ceramic substrate as a component? The main reason lies in its unique advantages in heat dissipation. Especially for VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) chips, due to their low power conversion efficiency, the problem of heat dissipation is particularly prominent. The application of ceramic substrates has become the best choice to solve the problem of thermoelectric separation.

The ceramic substrate has excellent heat dissipation performance and can effectively conduct the heat generated inside the laser transmitter. The high thermal conductivity of the ceramic substrate allows it to efficiently conduct heat generated inside the lidar, preventing performance degradation due to overheating. In addition, ceramic materials have the advantages of high strength, hardness, thermal shock resistance, insulation, and chemical stability, which can further extend the service life of products, improve sensitivity, and enhance the response speed of lidar.

Ceramic substrates also enable high-density assembly, supporting miniaturization and integration of devices. Its stability ensures that the sensor signal is not distorted, and the matching with the thermal expansion coefficient of the chip ensures the reliability of the product in harsh environments such as high temperature, high vibration, and corrosion. In addition, the metal crystallization performance of the ceramic substrate is excellent, which ensures the stability of the circuit and further improves the quality control level of the lidar.

As a leading manufacturer of ceramic substrates, Best Technology provides a variety of ceramic substrates of different materials, including 96% alumina, 99% alumina, aluminum nitride, zirconia, silicon nitride, sapphire ceramic bases, etc. The heat dissipation properties of these different materials are different, such as aluminum nitride (AlN): thermal conductivity of 170-230 W/mK, silicon nitride (Si3N4): thermal conductivity of 20-80 W/mK, sapphire (Al2O3): thermal conductivity Coefficient 25-40W/mK.

Therefore, choosing a high-quality ceramic substrate not only helps to solve the problem of thermal and electrical separation of laser emitters, but also provides stable heat dissipation and electrical performance, providing reliable support for efficient operation and performance improvement of laser emitters. In the development of lidar technology, ceramic substrates play an increasingly important role, providing key support for performance breakthroughs and innovations in laser transmitters. We are witnessing a revolution in the auto industry brought about by China’s autonomous driving assistance systems.

If you are designing a ceramic PCB and seeking a reliable manufacturer, welcome to leave you message or contact us directly.

What You Know About Counterbores in PCB Design and Manufacturing

Friday, August 18th, 2023

In the world of design and manufacturing, precision is paramount. Every detail, down to the placement of a single component, can impact the performance and appearance of a product. This is where the concept of counterbores comes into play, a technique employed in various industries to create recessed areas for components or fasteners.

But firstly, what is counterbore? Today we will show you the definition and applications of the countersink in a PCB design.

Definition and Applications:

A counterbore is a cylindrical, flat-bottomed hole that is strategically cut into a material to accommodate specific components or fasteners. It is commonly used in various industries, including woodworking, metalworking, and mechanical engineering. The purpose of a counterbore is to create a recessed area where a component, such as a bolt head, nut, or other hardware, can sit flush with or below the surface of the material. This technique ensures a smooth appearance, prevents interference with other components, and provides mechanical stability.

Counterbores in PCB Design and Manufacturing

In the realm of printed circuit boards (PCBs), counterbores play a crucial role in achieving efficient and functional designs. PCBs are essential components in electronic devices, and their design requires careful consideration of component placement, connectivity, and mechanical stability. Counterbores in PCBs serve several important functions:

Component Alignment and Clearance: Certain components on a PCB, such as connectors, switches, or specialized modules, require precise alignment and clearance for optimal functionality. A counterbore can be introduced to create a recessed area that accommodates these components, ensuring proper alignment with neighboring components and minimizing the risk of interference.

Flush Mounting: To maintain a sleek and compact design, some components need to be mounted flush with the surface of the PCB. A counterbore creates a flat-bottomed recess that allows the component to sit at the same level as the PCB surface, contributing to an aesthetically pleasing and functional layout.

Mechanical Support: Components that are susceptible to mechanical stress or impact may benefit from additional support. By incorporating a counterbore, the PCB design can provide a more secure location for these components, reducing the risk of damage.

Heat Dissipation Enhancement: In applications where certain components generate significant heat, such as power amplifiers or processors, heat sinks are often employed to dissipate the heat. A counterbore can facilitate proper alignment and contact between the heat sink and the component, optimizing heat transfer and overall thermal performance.

The production of counterbores in PCBs involves specialized manufacturing techniques. BEST Technology as a professional PCB manufacturer, we will use precision drilling and routing equipment to create accurately sized and positioned counterbores.

If you want to know more about the counterbores, welcome to follow our post or contact us.

Enhancing UV LED Performance with MCPCB: Advantages and Innovative Applications

Thursday, August 10th, 2023

In the field of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LED), the integration of Metal Core Printed Circuit Boards (MCPCB) plays a significant role in improving UV LED performance, thermal management, and overall reliability. In this blog post, we will explore the importance of MCPCB in UV LED applications, highlighting its advantages with concrete data to demonstrate its practicality.

Efficient Heat Dissipation:

MCPCBs excel in efficient heat dissipation, ensuring optimal UV LED performance and longevity. With a metal core typically made of aluminum or copper, MCPCBs possess high thermal conductivity. For instance, MCPCBs have a thermal conductivity coefficient of normally 1.0-3.0 W/mK, it needs to be customized if the thermal conductivity exceeds 3.0W/mk. this exceptional thermal conductivity allows for rapid dissipation of generated heat, preventing heat accumulation and ensuring UV LEDs operate within their optimal temperature range.

2. Enhanced Thermal Conductivity:

MCPCBs contribute to effective heat dissipation through improved thermal conductivity. Studies indicate that MCPCBs can enhance thermal conductivity up to ten times higher than standard FR4 PCBs. Because the stack up of MCPCB is different with PCB, please see below stack up. This enhanced thermal conductivity aids in achieving a uniform temperature distribution across the entire MCPCB, reducing the risks of hotspots and thermal stress on UV LEDs. Consequently, UV LEDs can maintain their performance and reliability even during extended operation.

1oz	Copper layer
1.5mm without copper	Core base

(FR4PCB_stack_up)

3. Reliability in Harsh Environments:

MCPCBs are designed to withstand harsh environments, ensuring reliability in UV LED applications. The metal core of MCPCBs provides higher mechanical strength and resistance to thermal stress. For example, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of an MCPCB can be matched with UV LEDs, minimizing the risk of mechanical failures caused by thermal mismatch. These features enable MCPCBs to operate reliably even in high-temperature environments or under exposure to ultraviolet radiation, thereby extending the lifespan of UV LED devices.

4. Electrical Isolation:

MCPCBs offer electrical isolation between the metal core and circuit layers, ensuring safe and reliable operation of UV LEDs. The dielectric layer, typically made of materials such as epoxy resin or thermally conductive dielectric (TCF), exhibits high breakdown voltage and insulation resistance. This electrical isolation minimizes the risk of short circuits or electrical interference, protecting UV LEDs and the entire system from potential damage.

5. Performance Optimization:

By incorporating MCPCBs into UV LED technology, manufacturers can optimize the performance of their UV LED devices. The improved heat dissipation and thermal conductivity of MCPCBs enable UV LEDs to operate at maximum efficiency. Research shows that using MCPCBs can reduce LED junction temperatures by up to 20-30°C, improving light output and enhancing overall performance. This optimal performance ensures consistent UV light generation, making MCPCBs an ideal choice for various UV LED applications, including curing, sterilization, and phototherapy.

Conclusion:

The use of MCPCBs in UV LED technology offers practical benefits in heat dissipation, thermal conductivity, reliability, and electrical isolation. Concrete data and research support the effectiveness of MCPCBs in efficient heat management, even in harsh environments, enabling reliable operation of UV LEDs. With enhanced performance provided by MCPCBs, UV LED systems can deliver consistent, efficient, and durable UV light output, expanding the possibilities of UV applications in various industries. The utilization of MCPCBs further solidifies their critical role as a key supporting technology in the UV LED field.

If you are designing a metal core PCB and seeking for a reliable manufacturer, welcome to leave you message or contact us directly.

Do You Know What Is HDI Board?

Thursday, August 10th, 2023

HDI boards are a type of printed circuit board (PCB) technology that enables higher circuit density and smaller form factors compared to traditional PCBs. HDI boards are commonly used in applications where space is limited, such as mobile devices, wearables, and aerospace systems.

Best Technology has rich experience in HDI rigid flex pcb manufacturing, below is one of our 7 layers HDI rigid flex pcb.

In Best Technology, our HDI board usually has the blind holes or buried holes, and the minimum hole size usually is 0.1mm. This board has the blind and buried holes, and the minimum hole size is 0.1mm. 100 ohm differential impedance control with 50 single ended impedance control. It’s surface finish is ENIG, 1oz copper for outer layers, 1/2oz copper for inner layers, green solder mask with white silkscreen. total thickness is 1.4mm.

Here are some key features and aspects of HDI boards:

High Density: HDI boards are designed to accommodate a large number of densely packed components and interconnections. They typically have multiple layers with high routing density, allowing for more complex circuitry in a smaller footprint.

Microvias: HDI boards extensively use microvias, which are very small holes drilled into the board to create electrical connections between different layers. Microvias are smaller in size compared to traditional vias, allowing for increased routing density.

Staggered and Stacked Microvias: HDI boards employ different types of microvias, including staggered and stacked microvias. Staggered microvias connect adjacent layers, while stacked microvias connect non-adjacent layers, providing even higher routing density.

Blind and Buried Vias: HDI boards often utilize blind and buried vias, which are vias that do not extend through the entire board. Blind vias connect an outer layer with one or more inner layers, while buried vias connect inner layers only. These vias help optimize space and increase routing capabilities.

Fine Pitch Components: HDI boards support the use of fine pitch components, such as microcontrollers, ball grid array (BGA) packages, and small surface-mount devices (SMDs). The high routing density and smaller features of HDI boards make them suitable for accommodating these tiny components.
Increased Signal Integrity: HDI boards can provide improved signal integrity due to shorter trace lengths and reduced noise interference. The compact design minimizes signal loss and impedance mismatches, allowing for better performance in high-frequency applications.
Design Considerations: Designing HDI boards requires expertise in factors such as layer stacking, via types, trace widths, and clearances. Advanced design software and manufacturing techniques are often employed to ensure precise alignment and reliability of the intricate interconnections.
Manufacturing Challenges: HDI boards can be more challenging to manufacture compared to standard PCBs. The use of smaller features and complex layer structures requires specialized fabrication techniques, such as laser drilling, sequential lamination, and precise registration control.

HDI technology has become increasingly prevalent in the electronics industry, enabling the development of smaller, lighter, and more sophisticated devices. It offers enhanced electrical performance, improved reliability, and greater design flexibility. If you have any comments about the HDI board, please feel free to contact Best Technology Team e-mail: sales@bestfpc.com.

Heavy Copper PCB for Industrial Power Supply

Saturday, July 29th, 2023

All of us know the printed circuit board, but do you know what is the heavy copper PCB? Best Tech is a very experienced heavy copper PCB fabricator since year 2006. Heavy Copper PCB is a type of printed circuit board that features with thicker copper layers than standard FR4 PCBs. While conventional PCBs typically have copper thicknesses ranging from 1 to 3 ounces (per square foot), heavy copper PCBs have copper thicknesses exceeding 3 ounces and can go up to 20 or more ounces. These copper layers are typically found in the inner and outer layers of the PCB, heavy copper providing enhanced current-carrying capacity and improved heat dissipation capabilities.

The increased copper thickness in heavy copper PCBs allows them to handle higher currents without experiencing excessive heat buildup or voltage drops. This makes them well-suited for applications that require high power handling, such as industrial power supplies, power converters, motor drives, and automotive electronics. Heavy copper PCBs are designed to withstand harsh operating conditions and provide robust performance and reliability.

Today, we would like to talk about the heavy copper PCB used in Industrial Power Supply. In this blog post, we will explore the realm of Industrial Power Supply, delving into the design considerations, material selection, production challenges, exceptional heat dissipation, and unrivaled conductivity of Heavy Copper PCBs. Join us on this enthralling journey as we uncover the secrets behind their application in Industrial Power Supply scenarios, including the testing of inductance, capacitance, and resistance. Get ready to witness the power of Heavy Copper PCBs in the realm of Industrial Power Supply!

Firstly, before you are moving start for the design, it need to get to understand the Design guideline rules of heavy copper PCB.

From the guidelines of heavy copper PCB, it could get to know it encompass considerations such as trace width, trace spacing, and thermal relief patterns. The increased copper thickness necessitates wider traces to accommodate higher currents, while proper spacing is crucial to avoid thermal hotspots and ensure reliable operation. Additionally, selecting suitable materials with excellent mechanical strength and thermal properties is vital to ensure the robustness and longevity of Heavy Copper PCBs. Hope this will bring some ideas to you during your design.

Secondly, as a heavy cooper PCB manufacturing vendor, Best Tech would like to advise the Production Challenges for the heavy copper PCB.

During producing Heavy Copper PCBs presents manufacturers with a set of intricate challenges. Achieving uniform copper thickness across the board’s surface demands advanced plating techniques and precise control over process parameters. Careful attention must be given to the etching process to prevent over-etching, which can compromise the integrity of the copper layers. Moreover, the additional weight of copper requires a sturdy substrate to support the board’s structure. Manufacturers must navigate these challenges with expertise and precision to deliver high-quality Heavy Copper PCBs.

You may have a question in mind, why we need to use the heavy copper PCB for the Industrial Power Supply, because the heavy copper PCB have Exceptional Heat Dissipation and Conductivity: One of the standout features of Heavy Copper PCBs is their unrivaled heat dissipation capabilities. The increased copper thickness acts as a robust conductor, efficiently channeling heat away from power components. This exceptional heat dissipation prevents thermal stress and ensures the longevity and reliability of Industrial Power Supply systems. Additionally, the high conductivity of Heavy Copper PCBs enables efficient power transmission, reducing losses and improving overall system efficiency.

Furthermore, Heavy Copper PCBs undergo rigorous testing to ensure optimal performance in Industrial Power Supply applications. Inductance testing verifies the effectiveness of copper layers in reducing magnetic interference. Capacitance testing evaluates the ability of the PCB to store electrical energy, while resistance testing determines the conductivity and resistance of copper traces. These tests play a crucial role in validating the quality and performance of Heavy Copper PCBs in demanding power supply scenarios.

Heavy Copper PCBs find widespread applications in the field of Industrial Power Supply, particularly in the production of robust and efficient power control products. They are integral components in industrial power converters, motor drives, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), and various automation systems. The exceptional heat dissipation and high current-carrying capacity of Heavy Copper PCBs make them ideal for handling the power demands of these applications, ensuring reliable and efficient power delivery.

Finally, in the world of Industrial Power Supply, Heavy Copper PCBs emerge as true powerhouses, combining meticulous design, advanced manufacturing processes, and exceptional heat dissipation capabilities. By adhering to design guidelines, overcoming production challenges, and conducting thorough testing, Heavy Copper PCBs prove their mettle in demanding power supply scenarios. As they continue to evolve, these powerhouses will shape the future of Industrial Power Supply, empowering systems with reliability, efficiency, and unrivaled performance. Prepare to witness the electrifying impact of Heavy Copper PCBs in the realm of Industrial Power Supply!

If you have more question heavy copper PCB for Industrial Power Supply, warmly welcomed to contact Best Tech for more get more information of heavy copper PCB which used in Industrial Power Supply. You can visit www.bestpcbs.com to know more about us.

Understanding Counterbore and Countersunk Holes in PCB Design

Saturday, July 8th, 2023

When we talking about the holes in PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards), may somebody always curious about two special holes: Counterbore hole and Countersunk hole. They are easy to be confused and easy to misunderstanding if you are a layman of PCB. Today, we will introduce the differences between counterbore and countersunk for details, let’s keep reading!

What is a Counterbore Hole?

A counterbore hole is a cylindrical recess on a PCB that has a larger diameter at the top surface and a smaller diameter at the bottom. The purpose of a counterbore hole is to create space for a screw head or a bolt’s flange, allowing it to sit flush with or slightly below the PCB surface. The larger diameter at the top accommodates the head or flange, while the smaller diameter ensures that the fastener’s shaft or body fits snugly.

What is a Countersunk Hole?

On the other hand, a countersunk hole is a conical recess on a PCB that allows the head of a screw or bolt to sit flush with the PCB surface. The shape of a countersunk hole matches the profile of the fastener’s head, creating a seamless and level surface when the screw or bolt is fully inserted. Countersunk holes typically have an angled side, often 82 or 90 degrees, which determines the shape and size of the fastener head that will fit into the recess.

Counterbore VS Countersunk: Geometry

While both counterbore and countersunk holes serve the purpose of accommodating fasteners, their main difference lies in their geometry and the types of fasteners they accommodate.

Counterbore holes have a cylindrical recess with two different diameters, while countersunk holes have a conical recess with a single diameter.

Counterbore holes create a stepped or raised region on the PCB surface, whereas countersunk holes result in a flush or recessed surface.

Counterbore VS Countersunk: Fastener Types

Counterbore holes are primarily used for fasteners with a head or flange, such as bolts or screws that require a solid mounting surface.

Countersunk holes are designed for fasteners with a conical head, such as flathead screws or countersunk bolts, to achieve a flush surface.

Counterbore VS Countersunk: Drill angles

Different sizes and drilling angles of drill bits are offered for producing countersinks, depending on the intended use. These angles can include 120°, 110°, 100°, 90°, 82°, and 60°. However, the most frequently employed drilling angles for countersinking are 82° and 90°. For optimal outcomes, it is essential to align the countersink angle with the tapered angle on the underside of the fastener head. On the other hand, counterbore holes feature parallel sides and do not necessitate tapering.

Counterbore VS Countersunk: Applications

The choice between counterbore and countersunk holes depends on the specific requirements of the PCB design and the components being used.

Counterbore holes find applications in situations where a secure and flush fastening of components or mounting plates is necessary. They are commonly used to fasten connectors, brackets, or PCBs to an enclosure or chassis.

Countersunk holes are often employed when aesthetic considerations are important, as they provide a sleek and level surface. They are frequently used for mounting PCBs to surfaces where a flush finish is desired, such as in consumer electronics or decorative applications.

Counterbore and countersunk holes are important features in PCB design, enabling efficient component mounting and secure fastening. Understanding the differences between these two types of holes allows designers to select the appropriate option based on the specific requirements of their circuit board applications. Whether it’s ensuring a secure connection or achieving a visually pleasing finish, the choice between counterbore and countersunk holes plays a crucial role in the overall functionality and aesthetics of a PCB assembly.

Do You Know How Many Types of Holes in PCB

Tuesday, July 4th, 2023

In the vast realm of engineering and manufacturing, there exists a hidden world of holes, each with its own distinct purpose and position. These holes play a crucial role in facilitating various functions within mechanical and electronic systems. In this blog, we will embark on a journey to explore different types of holes in printed circuit board. So, fasten your seatbelts and let’s delve into the fascinating world of these essential engineering features.

Common Types of Holes in PCB

Upon examining a circuit board, one will discover an array of holes serving specific purposes. These include Via holes, PTH, NPTH, Blind holes, Buried holes, Counterbore holes, Countersunk holes, Location holes, and Fiducial holes. Each hole type fulfills a distinct role and function within the PCB, making it crucial to familiarize oneself with their characteristics to facilitate optimal PCB design.

1. Via holes

Via holes are small openings that connect different layers of a printed circuit board (PCB). They facilitate the seamless flow of signals and power between the layers, enabling efficient circuit design and transmission. Vias can be classified into two types: Plated Through-Holes (PTH) and Non-Plated Through-Holes (NPTH), each serving different functions.

2. PTH (Plated Through-Hole)

Plated Through-Holes (PTH) are vias with conductive material coating the inner walls. PTHs establish electrical connections between different layers of a PCB, allowing the passage of signals and power. They play a crucial role in interconnecting components, facilitating the flow of electrical current, and ensuring the functionality of the circuit.

3. NPTH (Non-Plated Through-Hole)

Non-Plated Through-Holes (NPTH) lack the conductive coating on their inner walls, making them suitable for mechanical purposes only. These holes are used for mechanical support, alignment, or as positioning guides, without establishing any electrical connections. NPTHs provide stability and precision, ensuring proper alignment of components within the circuit board. The mainly different between PTH and NPTH is the copper foil will be plated in the hole wall while NPTH no need to do plate.

4. Blind Holes

Blind holes are partially drilled holes that penetrate only one side of a circuit board. They are primarily employed to connect the outer layer of the board with the inner layer, enabling component mounting on one side while remaining hidden from the other. Blind holes offer versatility and help maximize space in complex circuit board designs.

5. Buried Holes

Buried holes are entirely enclosed within a circuit board, connecting inner layers without extending to the outer layers. These holes are hidden from both sides of the board and serve to establish connections and routes between inner layers. Buried holes allow for denser circuit board designs, reducing the complexity of routing traces and enhancing the overall functionality of the board. They provide a seamless and compact solution without any surface exposure.

6. Counterbore Holes

Counterbore holes are cylindrical recesses created to accommodate the heads of bolts, nuts, or screws. They provide a flat-bottomed cavity that allows the fasteners to sit flush or slightly below the surface of the material. The primary function of counterbore holes is to enhance the aesthetics and functionality of a design by providing a smooth and even appearance. These holes are commonly found in woodworking, metalworking, and engineering applications where a concealed or larger bearing surface is desired.

7. Countersunk Holes

Countersunk holes are conical recesses designed to house the angled heads of screws or fasteners. They are employed to ensure that the screw heads lie flush or slightly below the material surface. Countersunk holes serve both aesthetic and practical purposes, providing a sleek and flawless finish while reducing the risk of snags or protrusions. Their versatility makes them suitable for various applications, from furniture manufacturing to aerospace engineering.

8. Location Holes

Location Holes, also known as Reference Holes or Tooling Holes, serve as key reference points for aligning and positioning components, parts, or fixtures during manufacturing or assembly processes. These holes are strategically placed in a design to ensure precise and consistent alignment, enabling efficient assembly and reducing errors.

9. Fiducial Holes

Fiducial Holes, also referred to as Fiducial Marks or Alignment Marks, are small precision holes or markings placed on a surface or PCB (Printed Circuit Board). These holes serve as visual reference points for vision systems, automated processes, or machine vision cameras.

As we conclude our journey through the fascinating world of holes in engineering, we have gained a deeper understanding of the functions and positions of counterbore holes, countersunk holes, via holes, PTH, NPTH, blind holes, and buried holes. These holes are essential elements in various industries, contributing to the aesthetics, functionality, and efficiency of designs.

After introducing each of them, you should have gained a deeper understanding of their functions, hope this is helpful for you the design holes on your PCB project!!

Exploring the Possibilities of UV LED & Importance of MCPCB

Monday, June 12th, 2023

UV LED technology has opened up a world of possibilities in various industries, revolutionizing applications that require ultraviolet light. From curing adhesives to sterilizing water, UV LEDs have become indispensable in many fields. In this article, we will explore the possibilities of UV LED and discuss the crucial role that Metal Core Printed Circuit Boards (MCPCBs) play in enhancing its performance and reliability.

Introduction to UV LED

UV LED refers to light-emitting diodes that emit ultraviolet light in the range of 100 to 400 nanometers. Unlike traditional UV lamps, UV LEDs offer numerous advantages, including energy efficiency, compact size, and precise control over the emitted wavelength. These characteristics make UV LED technology highly versatile and suitable for a wide range of applications.

Where we can use UV LED?

UV LED lights are finding extensive applications in our daily life, below are some popular fields that it can be apply in.

Healthcare and Medicine

One promising area where UV LED lights are making a significant impact is in the field of disinfection and sterilization. UV-C radiation, emitted by UV LEDs, has been proven to effectively kill or inactivate microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Unlike traditional disinfection methods, UV LED technology is safe, energy-efficient, and chemical-free. It finds applications in healthcare facilities, food processing, water purification, and air sterilization systems, ensuring a cleaner and healthier environment. Metal core PCB plays a crucial role in UV-C radiation since MCPCB has good durability and excellent corrosion resistance compared to traditional FR4 PCB. It makes the UV-C radiation performs high performances and long-time lifespan.

Industrial and Manufacturing

Another exciting application of UV LED lights is in advanced manufacturing processes, such as 3D printing and lithography. UV-curable resins and photopolymers can be rapidly cured using UV LED exposure, enabling faster production speeds and higher precision. Additionally, UV LED technology allows for the precise control of light wavelengths, which is crucial in fields like electronics, where specific wavelengths are required for the fabrication of microchips and displays.

Agriculture

UV LED lights are finding their way into horticulture and agriculture. UV-B radiation, emitted by UV LEDs, has been shown to stimulate plant growth, increase yields, and enhance crop quality. By tailoring the light spectrum using UV LEDs, growers can optimize plant development, promote flowering, and even modulate specific plant traits. The efficient heat dissipation of the metal core circuit board in UV-B radiation ensures prolonged functionality without concerns of excessive heat generated during extended operation. This technology has the potential to revolutionize indoor farming and enable year-round crop production in controlled environments.

Environmental Sustainability

UV LED lights play a vital role in environmental sustainability efforts. They are increasingly used for water and air purification systems. UV LED water purifiers effectively deactivate or destroy harmful microorganisms in water, providing safe drinking water without the use of chemicals. Additionally, UV LED air purifiers can eliminate airborne pathogens and allergens, improving indoor air quality. Metal core is a relatively environmentally friendly and healthy material, not only the material itself does not contain volatile substances such as benzene, but also through the solidification of ultraviolet light will form a dense curing film, which can reduce the release of harmful gases in the substrate. So metal core PCB as the substrate for UV LED is a good choice for demand of industry sustainable development.

Importance of MCPCB in UV LED Technology

With the big possibilities of the UV LED, the importance of MCPCB in UV LED technology cannot be overlooked. Thermal management is crucial for UV LEDs, as they generate a significant amount of heat during operation. Without proper heat dissipation, the performance and lifespan of UV LEDs can be compromised.

1. MCPCBs effectively address the thermal management challenges associated with UV LED technology. By efficiently dissipating heat, MCPCBs help prevent overheating, which can lead to reduced lifespan, color shifting, or even LED failure. The use of MCPCBs ensures that UV LEDs operate at their optimal temperature, maximizing their performance, and extending their lifespan.

2. Additionally, MCPCBs contribute to the overall efficiency of UV LED systems. By maintaining lower operating temperatures, MCPCBs minimize the energy losses due to heat. This improved efficiency translates into cost savings and a reduced environmental impact.

3. The last but not least, the reliable and stable construction of MCPCBs also contributes to the longevity and reliability of UV LED systems. With their excellent mechanical strength, MCPCBs protect UV LEDs from physical damage and ensure consistent performance over time.

As the demand for UV LED technology continues to grow, the importance of MCPCB in optimizing its performance and reliability will remain paramount. With ongoing advancements in MCPCB technology, we can expect even more efficient and durable UV LED systems in the future. Best Technology specializes in the manufacturing of MCPCBs. With our state-of-the-art factory and highly skilled engineering team, we can offer you the exceptional one-stop services. If you are currently engaged in a UV LED project and require a dependable supplier, we warmly invite you to reach out to us at your convenience. We are committed to providing reliable solutions for all your UV LED needs. Feel free to contact us anytime.

Exploring the Fascinating World of HDI PCBs

Tuesday, June 6th, 2023

In the ever-evolving realm of printed circuit boards (PCBs), High-Density Interconnect (HDI) technology stands out as a game-changer. HDI PCBs have revolutionized the electronics industry by enabling the creation of smaller, lighter, and more advanced electronic devices. In this blog, let us delve into the captivating world of HDI PCBs, exploring their unique processes and craftsmanship. We also attached some photos for your ref.

What is HDI PCB?

HDI PCBs, short for High-Density Interconnect PCBs, are a specialized type of circuit board designed to accommodate a higher number of components within a smaller footprint. Unlike traditional FR4 PCBs, HDI boards incorporate intricate designs and advanced manufacturing techniques to achieve denser routing and interconnections.

Miniaturization and Component Density

One of the standout features of HDI PCBs is their ability to achieve significant miniaturization. There are fine-pitch traces, microvias, blind and buried vias. You can see the below photo, there are many kinds of the vias.

HDI boards allow for more compact layouts and increased component density. This makes them ideal for applications where space is a premium, such as smartphones, tablets, wearables, and medical devices.

Advanced Manufacturing Techniques

Creating HDI PCBs involves a sophisticated blend of state-of-the-art manufacturing processes. These techniques include laser drilling, sequential lamination, and advanced imaging technologies. Laser drilling enables the creation of microvias, which are tiny holes used for interconnection between different layers of the board. Sequential lamination involves bonding multiple layers together, creating a compact stack-up with enhanced electrical performance. Advanced imaging technologies ensure precise alignment and accuracy during the fabrication process.

Benefits of HDI PCBs

HDI PCBs offer a multitude of advantages that make them highly sought after in today’s electronics industry:

1. Improved Signal Integrity: With their reduced parasitic effects and shorter signal paths, HDI boards provide superior signal integrity and enhanced electrical performance.

2. Increased Reliability: HDI PCBs minimize the risk of failures due to reduced interconnection lengths, better thermal management, and enhanced impedance control.

3. Enhanced Thermal Efficiency: The compact design of HDI boards allows for better heat dissipation and thermal management, ensuring optimal performance of heat-sensitive components.

4. Design Flexibility: HDI technology opens up new design possibilities, enabling engineers to create innovative and compact product designs without compromising on functionality.

Applications of HDI PCBs

The versatility of HDI PCBs makes them indispensable in various industries, including:

Consumer Electronics: Smartphones, tablets, laptops, and wearable devices.
Automotive Electronics: Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), infotainment systems, and autonomous driving technology.
Medical Devices: Miniature medical implants, diagnostic equipment, and patient monitoring systems.
Aerospace and Defense: Avionics, satellites, and military-grade electronics.
Industrial Automation: Robotics, control systems, and IoT devices.

We have many customers from various industries, the PCBs of the below photos are what we produced for our customers.

Conclusion

As technology advances, HDI PCBs will undoubtedly play a crucial role in driving innovation and pushing the boundaries of what is possible in the world of electronics.

We hope this exploration into the captivating world of HDI PCBs can make you know more about HDI PCB. If you’re interested in any HDI PCB, please feel free to contact us any time. Let us supply you an excellent solution and awesome boards for you.

PCB & MCPCB – Best Technology

Archive for the ‘best pcb’ Category

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