Archive for the ‘Rigid Flex Circuit’ Category

What is bendable aluminum substrate? Flexible Aluminum PCB

Friday, August 15th, 2025

Bendable aluminum substrate is a metal-based copper-clad laminate with folding or bending functions. It is bent and shaped through a special process. It has the advantages of good thermal conductivity, lightweight, and bending resistance. It is mainly used in the bendable structure of LED lamps and lightweight foldable components of electronic devices such as mobile phones.

What is bendable aluminum substrate? Flexible Aluminum PCB

Are you curious about:

What are the core advantages of bendable aluminum substrates?
How many bends can they last?
What is their heat dissipation performance?
What applications are they generally suitable for?

BEST Technology can provide you with high-performance bendable aluminum substrates. Our aluminum substrates offer the following properties:

High heat dissipation from the aluminum substrate combined with flexibility and bendability, ensuring both heat dissipation and surface adaptability.
Dynamic bending resistance of ≥80,000 times (R=1.5mm), ensuring continuous circuitry.
The aluminum substrate’s thermal conductivity and high adhesive layer provide a thermal resistance of ≤1.0°C/W, improving heat dissipation by 25% or more compared to ordinary flexible substrates.
LED flexible light strips, curved automotive lights, wearable devices, and other applications require both bending and heat dissipation.

What is flexible aluminum substrate?

Flexible aluminum substrate is a special type of circuit board base that uses bendable aluminum as its core layer. Unlike traditional rigid aluminum PCBs, these substrates are engineered to withstand controlled bending without cracking or losing structural integrity.

In PCB manufacturing, the substrate acts as the backbone. It supports copper traces, dissipates heat, and maintains mechanical stability. With bendable aluminum, you get all the advantages of aluminum’s high thermal conductivity and durability—plus the added ability to shape or curve the board during assembly or installation.

This property is particularly valuable in LED lighting strips, automotive electronics, aerospace control systems, and wearable devices. It allows products to fit into tighter spaces, wrap around surfaces, or follow curved housing designs without sacrificing performance.

What grades of bendable aluminum sheets are available?

Not all aluminum grades can be bent easily. The alloy composition and temper determine flexibility. Here are common grades relevant to PCB substrates:

1050 and 1100 Series

High-purity aluminum with excellent corrosion resistance.
Very good bendability, suitable for tight radius bends.
Often used for applications needing high ductility.

3003 Aluminum

Alloyed with manganese for better strength than 1100.
Maintains good bending properties.
Common in lighting and decorative PCB applications.

5052 Aluminum

Stronger than 3003, with excellent corrosion resistance.
Good formability, works well for medium bend radii.
Often selected for outdoor electronics or marine-grade designs.

6061 Aluminum

High strength but less ductile than 5xxx series.
Bendable in annealed tempers (O-temper) but more difficult in T6.
Ideal for structural applications where mechanical strength is critical.

6063 Aluminum

Good surface finish and corrosion resistance.
Easier to bend than 6061 in certain tempers.
Often used in heat sink-integrated boards.

Key takeaway: When choosing a grade, balance strength, bend radius, and thermal performance. In PCB manufacturing, 3003, 5052, and 6063 are common for bendable aluminum substrates.

How to test a bendable aluminum sheet?

Testing ensures the sheet meets your mechanical and thermal requirements before it becomes part of a PCB. Here are standard methods:

Bend Test: The sheet is bent to a specified radius and checked for cracks or surface deformation. For PCBs, smaller radii require more ductile alloys.

Elongation Test: Measures how much the aluminum can stretch before breaking. Higher elongation values mean better bendability.

Hardness Test: Indicates resistance to deformation. Softer aluminum generally bends more easily.

Thermal Cycling Test: Exposes the material to repeated heating and cooling to simulate operating conditions.

Surface Adhesion Test: Checks how well dielectric and copper layers adhere after bending.

These tests help engineers confirm that flexibility does not compromise thermal conductivity or copper adhesion.

How to make bendable aluminum substrate?

The process combines materials science and precision PCB manufacturing.

Select the Aluminum Core: Choose the alloy and thickness based on bending needs. Thinner cores bend more easily but handle less load.

Apply the Dielectric Layer: High thermal conductivity insulation is laminated onto the aluminum. Materials like polyimide or flexible epoxy composites are used.

Add Copper Foil: The copper layer is laminated and patterned through photolithography and etching.

Protect with Solder Mask: Flexible solder mask layer shields the copper and dielectric.

Final Forming: Boards may be partially formed before delivery, or bent during final assembly.

Special care is needed in temperature control, lamination pressure, and adhesive selection. Poor processing can cause delamination when bending, so experienced BEST Technology use advanced bonding techniques.

What are the benefits of bendable aluminum substrate?

The benefits go beyond just flexibility:

Superior Heat Dissipation: Aluminum’s high thermal conductivity allows efficient heat transfer away from heat-generating components.

Lightweight Strength: Maintains structural integrity even at reduced thickness.

Design Freedom: Enables curved or irregular shapes without multiple rigid sections.

Long Service Life: Resistant to corrosion, vibration, and impact.

Reduced Assembly Costs: A single bendable board can replace multiple interconnected rigid boards.

For manufacturers, this means better performance and simpler mechanical integration. For buyers, it means lower total cost and fewer failure points.

What are the applications of bendable aluminum substrate?

Applications span high-reliability and thermally demanding fields:

LED Lighting: Flexible mounting in architectural, automotive, and display lighting.

Automotive Electronics: Curved dashboard PCBs, lighting assemblies, and under-hood electronics.

Aerospace Systems: Weight-saving designs that fit tight spaces.

Wearable Medical Devices: Flexible yet robust circuits for monitoring and control.

Industrial Controls: Machines that require boards to wrap around mechanical housings.

In each case, the bendable aluminum substrate provides both mechanical adaptability and reliable heat management.

Does bending reduce the strength of aluminum substrate?

Yes, but the effect depends on alloy, temper, and bend radius. When aluminum is bent, it undergoes work hardening, which increases strength in the bend area but can also reduce ductility.

If bending exceeds the material’s formability limit, micro-cracks can form, reducing fatigue life. That’s why BEST Technology design for the proper bend radius based on alloy properties and thickness.

In practice, when using recommended bend parameters and high-quality processing, the strength loss is minimal for most PCB applications.

Why choose BEST Technology to make bendable aluminum substrates?

BEST Technology Co., Ltd. has been a trusted PCB and substrate manufacturer since 2006. We understand that buyers need more than just a supplier—they need a partner who delivers consistent quality.

Our advantages:

Material Expertise: We work with multiple aluminum grades, ensuring the right balance of flexibility and performance.

Precision Manufacturing: Our process maintains ±0.05mm dimensional accuracy, even in bendable designs.

Thermal and Mechanical Reliability: Each substrate undergoes strict bend, adhesion, and thermal tests.

Fast Turnaround: Average delivery in 7 days, faster than the industry standard.

Global Experience: Serving industries in Asia, Europe, and North America with OEM and ODM capabilities.

When you choose BEST Technology, you get a bendable aluminum substrate designed to last—and a team committed to your project’s success.

Do you need BEST Technology to make a bendable aluminum PCB for you? We are waiting for your information, please contact us: sales@bestpcbs.com

Tags:bendable aluminum plate, bendable aluminum substrate
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What is Rigid-Flex Copper Substrate? Rigid Flex PCB

Thursday, August 14th, 2025

Rigid-flex copper substrate combines the best of both rigid PCBs and flexible circuits into a single circuit board. This design is both practical and innovative. Its applications range from advanced medical devices to aerospace systems. Its versatility stems from the way its copper layer is integrated with both flexible and rigid components, enabling smooth folding without disrupting connections.

What is Rigid-Flex Copper Substrate? Rigid Flex PCB

Do you want to know:

What are its advantages over ordinary substrates?
How many frequent bends can it withstand?
How is heat dissipation guaranteed?
Does it support complex circuits and unusual shapes?
What is the prototype production cycle?
What are the quality standards?

BEST Technology, a professional metal-based circuit board manufacturer, can answer your questions:

The high heat dissipation of a rigid substrate combined with the flexibility of a flexible substrate allows for complex applications.
Dynamic bending resistance of ≥100,000 times (R=1mm) ensures continuous circuitry and stable performance.
Highly conductive adhesive layer combined with a full copper surface design results in a thermal resistance of ≤0.8°C/W, improving heat dissipation by 30%+ in high-temperature environments.
Minimum line width/spacing of 3 mils, supports unusual shapes and stepped structures, and an accuracy error of ≤±0.1 mil.
Prototypes take 3 days, and mass production takes 7-15 days. Compliant with IPC-A-600H, with over 20 tests and 24-hour customer service.

What is rigid-flex copper substrate?

Rigid-flex copper substrate is a hybrid printed circuit board that has rigid and flexible layers combined into one structure. The rigid parts provide mechanical stability, while the flexible layers connect them, allowing bending or folding during assembly or use.

This combination removes the need for connectors or separate ribbon cables, reducing the risk of signal loss or failure. In many designs, rigid-flex boards improve reliability and performance at the same time.

The rigid flex PCB design typically uses copper foil as the conductor. Copper is preferred because it offers excellent conductivity, mechanical strength, and resistance to fatigue. The result is a board that can bend without losing electrical integrity.

Rigid-flex copper substrate with different layers

Layer count in a rigid-flex board greatly impacts performance, cost, and applications.

1. 2-layer rigid-flex copper substrate

This is the simplest form. It offers enough flexibility for basic designs and is often used in consumer devices, portable gadgets, and small control panels. It’s affordable and fast to produce.

2. Dual-layer rigid-flex copper substrate

Similar to the 2-layer version but often built with reinforced materials. It provides more strength and is ideal for designs that require slight bending during use.

3. 4-layer rigid-flex copper substrate

With more copper layers, it allows complex routing, better signal performance, and improved EMI shielding. The 4-layer copper-based rigid-flex PCB is common in automotive electronics and handheld medical devices.

4. 6-layer rigid-flex copper substrate

This high-end design is built for advanced technology. It supports multiple high-speed signals, complex interconnections, and precise impedance control. Aerospace systems, industrial control machines, and military electronics often use this type.

Choosing the right layer count depends on design needs, available space, and budget. Each option balances performance and flexibility differently.

How does rigid flex PCB work?

The rigid flex PCB works by integrating multiple circuit layers—some rigid, some flexible—into one laminated structure. During manufacturing, the flexible layers are bonded with polyimide material, while the rigid parts are reinforced with FR4 or other stiffeners.

When installed, the flexible sections bend to fit inside tight enclosures. This makes it perfect for 3D assembly. The electrical signals flow through copper traces that remain continuous across the rigid and flexible areas, eliminating the need for connectors.

By reducing interconnections, rigid flex PCBs lower the risk of mechanical failure, improve signal speed, and make products more reliable in harsh conditions.

Why choose rigid-flex copper substrate?

There are many reasons to choose a rigid-flex copper substrate.

Space efficiency: This design allows components to be placed closer together, reducing product size.

Durability: Flexible sections handle repeated bending without breaking. This is important in devices exposed to motion or vibration.

Improved performance: Fewer connectors mean faster signal transmission and less interference.

Lightweight construction: Replacing multiple boards and cables with one unit cuts down weight.

Design freedom: Three-dimensional design is possible, allowing for better utilization of interior space.

From smartphones to satellites, rigid-flex boards help achieve higher performance without increasing size.

Which flexible PCB material is best?

The performance of a rigid-flex PCB depends heavily on the flexible material. Most use flexible circuit technologies with polyimide films, which offer excellent heat resistance, flexibility, and electrical insulation.

Polyimide is also stable in harsh environments, making it a trusted choice for aerospace, automotive, and industrial applications. For added strength, some designs use adhesive-less laminates, which improve bending capability and reduce thickness.

Copper foil is the heart of the conductor. Rolled annealed copper is preferred for its flexibility and fatigue resistance, while electro-deposited copper works well for more rigid applications.

The choice of flexible PCB material depends on the final product’s environment, electrical needs, and mechanical requirements.

How durable is flexible PCB material?

Flexible PCB materials are surprisingly tough. High-quality polyimide can handle thousands of flex cycles without cracking. Even in high-temperature or high-vibration environments, it maintains structural integrity.

Durability also depends on copper type, layer thickness, and protective coatings. Protective coverlays shield copper traces from moisture, dust, and abrasion. When designed correctly, a rigid-flex PCB can last as long as the device itself.

It’s worth noting that durability is not just about materials—it’s also about design. Proper bend radius, trace routing, and reinforcement all increase lifespan.

How does rigid flex PCB save space?

One of the biggest advantages of rigid-flex PCBs is their space-saving ability. By combining rigid and flexible sections into one board, you remove the need for bulky connectors and cables.

This allows components to be stacked closer or arranged in creative ways. Devices can be slimmer, lighter, and easier to assemble. For example, in wearables or medical implants, every millimeter counts. The space saved often translates directly into more battery capacity, extra features, or lighter designs.

For manufacturers, fewer components mean faster assembly and fewer points of failure.

What affects rigid-flex copper substrate cost?

Cost can vary widely depending on several factors:

Layer count: More layers mean more complex manufacturing, which increases price.

Material choice: Premium copper foils and polyimide films cost more but offer better performance.

Size and shape: Complex shapes require more precise processing.

Production volume: Higher quantities often reduce per-unit cost.

Testing requirements: Rigid-flex boards for aerospace or medical devices require strict quality control, adding to cost.

Working with a skilled flex PCB manufacturer ensures cost efficiency without compromising quality. BEST Technology will help you choose the best PCB stackup, optimize the number of layers, and select the most suitable flexible PCB material for your needs.

Need Rigid-Flex Copper Substrate? BEST Technology can help you， contact sales@bestpcbs.com

Tags:flex pcb manufacturer, flexible pcb material, rigid flex pcb, Rigid-flex copper substrate
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What is Rigid-flex aluminum substrate? Aluminum Flex-Rigid PCB

Friday, August 8th, 2025

What is a rigid-flex aluminum substrate?

Rigid-flex aluminum substrate is a hybrid PCB structure that combines rigid and flexible sections, with aluminum used as a thermal-conductive base. Think of it as a single circuit board with areas that bend and fold—yet it stays strong and dependable under pressure.

What is Rigid-flex aluminum substrate? Aluminum Flex-Rigid PCB

Unlike traditional rigid PCBs, this type doesn’t rely solely on fiberglass or FR4. Instead, it mixes rigid substrates (like aluminum for heat dissipation and strength) with flexible layers (usually made of polyimide). These parts are layered together in a rigid flex stackup to create a solid yet adaptable foundation.

The aluminum core enhances performance, especially in high-power or high-temperature environments. The flexible sections allow the board to fit into tight or curved enclosures—perfect for compact designs.

What is the rigid flex process?

Creating a rigid-flex aluminum substrate involves multiple, tightly controlled steps. This process ensures the reliability and functionality of each part, from the stiff aluminum core to the bendable flex areas.

Here’s how it works:

Material Preparation: Aluminum is selected as the rigid base layer. Polyimide films are chosen for the flex sections. Copper foil is used for the conductive pathways.

Layering: These materials are laminated together in a multi-layer PCB stackup, carefully aligning the rigid and flexible parts. Adhesives must tolerate both mechanical stress and high heat.

Drilling and Plating: Vias are drilled to connect layers. These vias are plated with copper to ensure stable electrical performance between rigid and flexible sections.

Etching and Imaging: Circuit patterns are etched into the copper layers.

Coverlay and Protection: The flex parts are protected with a coverlay—a thin film that protects the flexible circuit from damage or oxidation.

Testing: Each board goes through strict electrical and mechanical testing to ensure it can bend without breaking and still conduct flawlessly.

This precise rigid flex process demands high skill and advanced machinery.

Rigid-flex aluminum substrate Types

Depending on your application, several types of rigid-flex aluminum substrates are available. Each is designed for specific environments and use cases.

Single-Sided Rigid-Flex: One layer of copper on the flexible section. Simple and cost-effective.

Double-Sided Rigid-Flex: Copper on both sides of the flex section for increased routing options.

Multi-Layer Rigid-Flex: Complex designs with 4+ layers, often used in aerospace, medical, and high-end automotive electronics.

Hybrid Stackups: Combine aluminum with other rigid materials (like FR4 or CEM-3) for specific mechanical or thermal goals.

Each type has trade-offs in cost, thickness, and flexibility. But with aluminum in the core, they all shine in thermal management and durability.

Rigid-flex aluminum substrate Benefits

Rigid-flex aluminum substrate combines the advantages of rigidity and flexibility.

1. Thermal Conductivity

Aluminum is an excellent heat conductor. It keeps your circuits cool even when running at full power.

2. Space Saving

With a rigid-flex structure, you can fold or twist the board to fit inside small or oddly shaped enclosures.

3. Mechanical Strength

The rigid aluminum base offers strong mechanical support. It doesn’t warp or bend easily.

4. Improved Reliability

Fewer solder joints and connectors mean fewer points of failure.

5. Streamlined Assembly

Fewer separate pieces to assemble = faster manufacturing and lower cost over time.

6. Design Freedom

Curves, folds, unusual angles? No problem.

When you combine these strengths, you get a PCB that’s not only dependable but also efficient in heat, space, and power.

Can rigid-flex aluminum substrate handle heat?

Yes. Thanks to the aluminum base layer, a rigid-flex aluminum substrate can dissipate heat much faster than standard FR4 PCBs. That makes it ideal for high-power LEDs, motor drivers, power converters, and even automotive ECUs that run hot under load.

Aluminum pulls heat away from sensitive components and spreads it across the board. This reduces thermal stress and extends the lifespan of the device.

What is a flexible aluminum PCB?

A flexible aluminum PCB might sound like a contradiction—but it exists. These boards use ultra-thin aluminum or aluminum-polymer composites to create circuits that bend slightly without breaking.

They don’t flex as much as pure polyimide-based flex PCBs, but they offer a middle ground. You get better heat handling than plastic-based flex boards and more flexibility than rigid aluminum PCBs.

They are perfect for wearables, automotive lighting strips, and foldable displays—places where space and heat must be controlled.

But when you need more complex bends, a rigid-flex aluminum substrate—with a true polyimide flex section—is still the better option.

What is the difference between rigid flex and flex with stiffener?

A flex PCB with stiffener uses an added material (like FR4 or stainless steel) to reinforce a flexible circuit. It’s a workaround to create rigid zones. But these are added separately and don’t become part of the electrical circuit.

A rigid-flex PCB, on the other hand, is built from the ground up to have both rigid and flex sections. The materials are laminated together and share common copper layers. The transition between flex and rigid is smooth, continuous, and far more robust.

Here’s a simple comparison:

Feature	Flex with Stiffener	Rigid-Flex PCB
Electrical Integration	Not shared	Shared between zones
Mechanical Strength	Moderate	Very strong
Size & Thickness	Bulkier	More compact
Cost Over Time	May increase due to failure	Higher upfront, lower long-term
Assembly Time	Longer	Faster and more integrated

So if your application requires reliability, space-saving, and superior performance, rigid-flex is your clear winner.

Where is rigid-flex aluminum substrate used?

Rigid-flex aluminum substrate PCB is widely used. Here’s where they make an impact:

1. Automotive Electronics

From advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) to engine control units (ECUs), cars need compact, heat-resistant boards that perform under pressure.

2. LED Lighting Systems

LEDs generate heat—and need compact control circuits.

3. Wearable Technology

Smartwatches, fitness bands, and medical patches need bendable electronics that won’t break.

4. Industrial Equipment

Sensors, controls, and power systems in factories demand reliable boards that won’t fail under heat or vibration.

5. Medical Devices

Surgical tools, monitors, and implants need small, reliable PCBs.

6. Consumer Electronics

From foldable phones to compact drones, smart devices keep shrinking.

In short, any product that needs to be compact, tough, and thermally stable is a candidate for rigid-flex aluminum technology.

Conclusion:

Rigid-flex aluminum substrate combines the strength of rigid substrates with the flexibility of a bendable PCB. It offers better heat dissipation, space-saving structure, and high reliability for demanding applications. From automotive to LED lighting and wearable devices, it suits various environments where traditional PCBs fall short. It’s a solid choice for efficient, compact, and heat-resistant circuit solutions.

Want to design and produce rigid-flex aluminum substrates? Contact us now at sales@bestpcbs.com

Tags:Aluminum Flex-Rigid PCB, rigid flex pcb, rigid substrates, Rigid-flex aluminum substrate
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Rigid-flex PCB Design, Flex Rigid PCB Manufacturer

Wednesday, April 2nd, 2025

Flex rigid PCB manufacturer plays a crucial role in the electronics industry, providing innovative circuit board solutions that blend flexibility with rigidity. These advanced PCBs are widely used in aerospace, medical, automotive, and consumer electronics due to their durability and space-saving design. Understanding how they are made, their stackup structure, and the key factors in selecting a reliable manufacturer can help businesses make informed decisions. In this blog, we will explore everything from the manufacturing process to design considerations, ensuring you have all the details needed to choose the best supplier for your needs.

Best Technology is a leading flex rigid PCB manufacturer with a direct factory in China. Our FPC factory was established in 2013. Rigid-flex PCB lead time in Best Technology is 2~3 weeks. Rigid-flex PCB lead time in Best Technology is 2~3 weeks. Best Technology support PCBA. Customers provided components. If BOM is purchased by us, 1 week will be added for most cases. For components without stock, or with longer lead time, lead time will be negotiated with customers. If you have any questions or doubts about flex rigid PCB, just feel free to let us know at sales@bestpcbs.com at any time.

Rigid-flex PCB Design, Flex Rigid PCB Manufacturer

What is a Rigid-Flex PCB?

A rigid-flex PCB combines both rigid and flexible circuits into a single board. The rigid sections provide structural support, while the flexible parts allow for bending and movement. This design eliminates the need for connectors and cables, reducing weight and improving reliability. Many industries, including medical, aerospace, and consumer electronics, use these PCBs for compact and durable devices. By integrating flexible and rigid layers, they enhance mechanical performance and reduce assembly complexity.

What is the Standard Rigid-Flex PCB Stackup Used by Manufacturers?

A proper stackup is crucial for performance and durability. Manufacturers use multiple layers of flexible and rigid materials bonded together. A typical stackup consists of rigid FR4 sections, flexible polyimide layers, and adhesive or prepreg for bonding. The number of layers varies based on complexity, but maintaining a balanced stackup prevents warping. Some designs also incorporate shielding layers to reduce electromagnetic interference, ensuring signal integrity in high-speed applications.

How Are Rigid-Flex PCBs Made?

The rigid flex PCB manufacturing process involves several key steps:

Material Selection: Rigid FR4 and flexible polyimide materials are chosen based on application requirements.

Layer Stackup: The rigid and flex layers are arranged for optimal electrical performance and mechanical stability.

Drilling and Plating: Holes for vias and components are drilled and plated with copper.

Circuit Patterning: Photolithography and etching define circuit traces on both rigid and flexible sections.

Lamination: Rigid and flex layers are bonded using controlled heat and pressure.

Testing and Inspection: Electrical testing and reliability checks ensure performance and quality.

Precision at each step ensures the final product meets high-reliability standards, making it suitable for mission-critical applications.

What Are the Key Considerations in Flex Rigid PCB Design?

Designing a rigid-flex PCB requires careful planning to ensure functionality and durability. Key factors include:

Bend Radius: The flexible section should have a smooth curve to prevent stress fractures.

Via Placement: Vias should be placed in rigid areas to avoid mechanical strain in flex sections.

Trace Routing: Conductors should follow smooth curves rather than sharp angles for better signal integrity.

Material Selection: Choosing the right materials enhances flexibility, thermal stability, and performance.

Component Placement: Placing components strategically improves durability and assembly efficiency.

Proper rigid-flex PCB design practices prevent mechanical failures, enhance longevity, and improve overall PCB performance.

How Does a Reliable Flex Rigid PCB Manufacturer Ensure Quality?

A trusted flex rigid PCB manufacturer follows strict quality control measures. Here’s how they maintain high standards:

Advanced Equipment: Precision drilling, laser cutting, and automated inspection tools improve accuracy.

Material Testing: Verifying material properties ensures they meet electrical and mechanical requirements.

Process Control: Temperature, pressure, and humidity are monitored during manufacturing.

Reliability Testing: Flex cycling, thermal shock, and impedance tests confirm performance.

Industry Certifications: Compliance with ISO, IPC, and UL standards guarantees quality assurance.

Consistent quality control ensures each PCB performs optimally in demanding environments, reducing failures and increasing reliability.

How to Select the Best Flex Rigid PCB Manufacturer?

Choosing the right manufacturer affects product performance and reliability. Consider these factors:

Experience and Expertise: A manufacturer with years of experience understands complex designs.

Production Capability: Check their ability to handle multilayer and high-precision PCBs.

Quality Assurance: Look for certifications like ISO 9001 and IPC standards.

Customer Support: Responsive service ensures smooth project completion.

Global Supply Chain: Reliable logistics ensure timely delivery.

A well-established manufacturer guarantees high-quality production, helping businesses meet their technical requirements efficiently.

Why Choose Best Technology as Your Flex Rigid PCB Manufacturer?

Precision Engineering: Utilizing state-of-the-art equipment, we deliver meticulous fabrication and assembly for highly complex non-standard flex rigid printed circuit boards like 16 layers rigid-flex circuit with impedance control. We offer integrated IC programming and in-house testing capabilities, ensuring end-to-end quality for even the most demanding technical requirements.

Strict Quality Control: Every board undergoes rigorous inspection and testing. In our flex rigid circuit board workshop, we have parallel exposure machines. And each production lot, each product will be checked strictly following IPC standards. And all of our products, Bech Technology are compliant with the latest ROHS.

Customized Solutions: We tailor designs based on customer specifications. If you have any unique technical and functional requirements, just feel free to let us know in advance, our R&D team and engineers is able to reply within 12 hours.

Fast and Reliable Delivery: Leveraging our extensive global supply chain network, we guarantee timely shipments and consistent on-time delivery. Best Technology prioritizes efficiency through rapid turnaround processes, with our entire team committed to delivering orders within 2-3 weeks to meet customer needs seamlessly.

Working with Best Technology means partnering with a manufacturer that prioritizes quality, innovation, and customer satisfaction.

In conclusion, finding the right flex rigid PCB manufacturer is essential for high-performance applications. Understanding the stackup, design considerations, and fabrication process helps in selecting the best supplier. Best Technology stands out with its expertise, quality control, and customer support. Just feel free to contact us at sales@bestpcbs.com to get a quote for any rigid-flex PCB project!

Tags:flex rigid pcb, Flex Rigid PCB Manufacturer, Rigid-flex PCB Design
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What is a rigid flex pcb? Rigid-flex PCB manufacturer

Monday, February 24th, 2025

Rigid-flex PCB is a circuit board that combines rigid board and flexible board. It has both the stability of rigid board and the bendability of flexible board. It is suitable for complex spatial layout and dynamic connection needs and is widely used in consumer electronics, automobile, medical, aerospace and other fields.

What is a rigid flex pcb? Rigid-flex PCB manufacturer

What is rigid flex PCBs?

Rigid-flex PCBs are an advanced type of printed circuit board that combines the best features of rigid and flexible PCBs into a single, seamless design. These boards consist of multiple layers of rigid and flexible substrates interconnected to create a durable, space-efficient, and highly reliable circuit solution.

Unlike traditional rigid PCBs, which are made of FR4 material, rigid-flex PCBs incorporate flexible layers that allow bending and folding without losing electrical functionality.

This hybrid design makes rigid-flex PCBs ideal for compact, high-performance electronic devices. They are widely used in aerospace, medical devices, military applications, consumer electronics, and industrial automation.

By eliminating the need for connectors and cables between rigid sections, these boards enhance reliability, reduce assembly complexity, and improve overall product performance.

What are the types of PCBs?

Printed circuit boards come in various types, each designed for specific applications. The most common types include rigid PCBs, flexible PCBs (FPCs), rigid-flex PCBs, single-layer PCBs, multilayer PCBs, and high-frequency PCBs.

Rigid PCBs are the most widely used type, featuring a solid, non-bendable structure made from fiberglass-reinforced epoxy (FR4). They provide mechanical stability and are commonly found in consumer electronics, automotive systems, and industrial equipment.

Flexible PCBs, in contrast, are made from polyimide or PET materials, allowing them to bend and twist to fit into tight spaces. They are commonly used in wearable devices, foldable smartphones, and medical sensors.

Rigid-flex PCBs combine both rigid and flexible elements, offering the benefits of both in a single board. They are particularly useful in applications where space is limited, and durability is crucial.

Other specialized types include metal-core PCBs for high-heat applications, ceramic PCBs for high-frequency circuits, and HDI PCBs for compact, high-density designs.

What are the advantages of rigid flex PCB?

Rigid-flex PCBs offer numerous advantages, making them the preferred choice for high-reliability applications. Their primary benefit is the ability to combine rigid and flexible circuits, reducing the need for additional connectors and wiring.

Another key advantage is space efficiency. Rigid-flex PCBs allow engineers to design compact, lightweight products without sacrificing performance.

By folding or bending the flexible sections, these boards can fit into complex enclosures, making them ideal for portable and miniaturized devices. Additionally, their reduced weight and material usage lower manufacturing and assembly costs.

Durability is another major strength. With fewer connectors and solder joints, rigid-flex PCBs are more resistant to mechanical stress, vibrations, and environmental factors. This makes them perfect for applications in aerospace, automotive, and military industries, where reliability is non-negotiable.

What are the disadvantages of rigid flex PCB?

While rigid-flex PCBs offer many advantages, they also come with some challenges. One of the main drawbacks is the higher manufacturing cost compared to standard rigid or flexible PCBs.

The complex design and fabrication process require specialized materials, and advanced equipment, leading to increased production expenses. However, this cost is often offset by the benefits of improved reliability and reduced assembly time.

Another challenge is the design complexity. Unlike standard PCBs, rigid-flex boards require precise layout planning, including bending radius calculations, flexible section reinforcement, and controlled impedance routing.

Manufacturing yield rates can also be lower due to the intricate layering and bonding processes involved. Any misalignment or material defects during production can impact the board’s functionality. To ensure high-quality results, working with an experienced rigid-flex PCB manufacturer is essential.

What is the difference between rigid-flex and semi-flex?

Rigid-flex and semi-flex PCBs serve different purposes. Rigid-flex PCBs are fully integrated designs with both rigid and flexible sections permanently bonded together. These boards can bend repeatedly without damage, making them suitable for applications requiring continuous movement or folding.

Semi-flex PCBs, on the other hand, are designed for limited bending. They are typically made from a partially flexible FR4 substrate that can bend a few times during installation but is not meant for continuous flexing.

Semi-flex boards are often used in products where a single bend is needed to fit the PCB into an enclosure, such as industrial control panels and certain automotive systems.

While both types improve space efficiency and reduce connectors, rigid-flex PCBs provide greater versatility for dynamic applications. Semi-flex PCBs offer a cost-effective alternative when only minimal bending is required.

What is the difference between FPC and rigid-Flex?

Flexible PCBs (FPCs) and rigid-flex PCBs share similarities but differ in their structural composition and usage.

FPCs are fully flexible circuits with no rigid sections, designed to bend and twist in any direction. They are commonly used in applications requiring extreme flexibility, such as foldable smartphones, medical sensors, and wearable devices.

Rigid-flex PCBs, in contrast, combine rigid and flexible layers. The rigid sections provide mechanical support for components, while the flexible sections allow for movement and space optimization. This hybrid approach is beneficial for complex assemblies where both strength and flexibility are needed, such as aerospace control systems and military-grade electronics.

When to use rigid-flex pcb?

Rigid-flex PCBs are ideal for applications where space constraints, reliability, and durability are critical. They are commonly used in aerospace and defense electronics, where weight reduction and high reliability are essential.

Medical devices, such as pacemakers and imaging equipment, also benefit from rigid-flex PCBs due to their compact size and long-term reliability.

Consumer electronics, including foldable smartphones, smartwatches, and VR headsets, leverage rigid-flex PCBs to create lightweight, compact designs.

Additionally, automotive applications use them in advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and infotainment systems to ensure consistent performance under extreme conditions.

Industries that require rugged, high-performance electronics can greatly benefit from rigid-flex PCB technology. The ability to withstand harsh environments, reduce assembly complexity, and enhance product longevity makes them a smart choice for advanced electronic designs.

What is an example of a rigid-flex PCB?

One of the best examples of rigid-flex PCB applications is in foldable smartphones. These devices require flexible circuits to accommodate screen folding while maintaining uninterrupted electrical connections. The integration of rigid and flexible sections enables compact, lightweight designs without sacrificing durability.

Another example is in aerospace control panels. Rigid-flex PCBs help reduce wiring complexity in cockpit instruments, ensuring high reliability in extreme environments.

Similarly, medical implants like pacemakers use rigid-flex PCBs to achieve a compact form factor while maintaining long-term reliability inside the human body.

Military-grade electronics, such as communication devices and guidance systems, also rely on rigid-flex PCBs. Their ability to withstand vibrations, temperature fluctuations, and high mechanical stress makes them a preferred choice for mission-critical applications.

Conclusion：

Rigid-flex PCBs offer a powerful combination of flexibility, durability, and space efficiency. They eliminate the need for connectors, reduce wiring complexity, and improve reliability, making them ideal for high-performance applications.

For high-quality rigid-flex PCB manufacturing, Best Technology offers expert solutions tailored to your needs. Contact us at sales@bestpcbs.com to discuss your project.

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Non-Flex Cut vs Flex Cut PCB: What Is Flex Cut PCB?

Tuesday, February 18th, 2025

The debate of non-flex cut vs flex cut PCB has been a common topic for engineers and manufacturers. When designing printed circuit boards (PCBs), one key decision is whether to use a flex cut or non-flex cut PCB. These two types of PCBs serve different purposes, with unique advantages depending on the application. But how do they differ, and when should you use each? This guide will dive into the specifics, providing you with insights to make an informed decision.

What is a Flex Cut PCB?

A flex cut PCB is a type of printed circuit board that’s designed to be flexible. Unlike traditional rigid PCBs, flex PCBs can bend and flex without compromising the performance of the electrical circuits. This flexibility is achieved by using materials such as polyimide, which allows the board to conform to various shapes and spaces.

Flex cut PCBs are commonly used in devices where space is limited or for designs that require a dynamic or compact setup, such as in wearable tech or mobile phones. Their flexible nature provides the freedom to design intricate layouts without being restricted by rigid geometries.

What is the Difference Between Flex Cut and Non-Flex Cut PCB?

The main difference between flex cut and non-flex cut PCBs lies in their physical structure and flexibility. As mentioned, flex cut PCBs are made from flexible materials, which means they can be bent, twisted, or folded. This flexibility makes them suitable for applications where space constraints are a concern, and the board needs to fit into non-traditional forms or be more compact.

In contrast, non-flex cut PCBs, often referred to as rigid PCBs, are built using rigid substrates like FR4 or aluminum, providing stability and durability. These boards do not bend and are generally used in devices that do not require flexibility.

Both types of PCBs have their unique advantages. Flex cut PCBs are best for space-saving and adaptability, while non-flex cut PCBs are ideal for products that need more stability and rigidity.

Why Use a Flex PCB?

There are several reasons to opt for a flex PCB in certain applications. One of the biggest advantages is its ability to save space. Flex PCBs can be folded or shaped to fit into areas where rigid PCBs cannot. This makes them an excellent choice for compact electronic devices such as smartphones, cameras, and medical equipment.

Additionally, the flexibility allows for more robust designs in environments with high mechanical stress, such as robotics or wearables. Flex PCBs can withstand vibration and movement better than rigid boards, offering better durability in these conditions.

Finally, the lightweight nature of flex PCBs contributes to the overall efficiency of the product, making them an essential component in modern, miniaturized electronics.

What is an FR4 Plate?

FR4 is a widely used material in the manufacturing of rigid PCBs. It stands for “Flame Retardant 4” and is a type of fiberglass epoxy laminate. The FR4 material provides excellent strength, low moisture absorption, and good electrical insulation properties.

While FR4 is typically used for non-flex cut PCBs, it can also be used in multi-layer flexible PCBs in certain designs. Its role is to provide stability and electrical insulation, making it a crucial material in traditional PCBs.

What is Tri-Mode Non-Flex Cut Hotswap PCB?

Tri-mode non-flex cut hotswap PCBs are a specialized type of PCB designed for mechanical keyboards, offering a flexible, user-friendly experience. The term “tri-mode” refers to the ability to support multiple connection types, such as wired, Bluetooth, and wireless.

The non-flex cut hotswap design enables users to easily replace or swap out switches on the keyboard without the need for soldering. This makes it ideal for enthusiasts who want to customize their keyboards with different types of switches. It combines the advantages of non-flex cut rigidity with the versatility of hotswapping.

What is a Rigid-Flex PCB?

A rigid-flex PCB is a hybrid of both rigid and flexible PCB technologies. It consists of both rigid and flexible sections integrated into a single board. These PCBs offer the best of both worlds, combining the stability and reliability of rigid PCBs with the flexibility of flex PCBs.

Rigid-flex PCBs are often used in high-performance applications such as aerospace, medical devices, and automotive systems. They provide a compact solution where multiple PCB types need to coexist, and their flexible sections can be bent or folded to fit complex spaces.

What Are the Disadvantages of Rigid-Flex PCBs?

Despite their advantages, rigid-flex PCBs come with some drawbacks. One major disadvantage is their cost. Due to the complexity of manufacturing, rigid-flex PCBs tend to be more expensive than traditional rigid or flex PCBs.

Additionally, the design and production process for rigid-flex PCBs is more intricate, requiring higher precision and more time. This can also lead to longer lead times for production, which may not always be ideal for projects with tight deadlines.

When Should I Use a Flex PCB?

Flex PCBs are perfect for applications where flexibility, compact design, and space-saving are important. You should use a flex PCB when your product needs to fit into tight or unique spaces, like wearable devices, medical equipment, or consumer electronics.

They are also a good choice for products that need to endure repetitive movement or vibrations. In situations where the PCB needs to be bent or folded without breaking, such as in robotics or automotive designs, flex PCBs offer exceptional reliability.

Are Flexible PCBs More Expensive?

Flexible PCBs generally come at a higher cost compared to non-flex cut PCBs. This is due to the specialized materials and the intricate manufacturing process required for flexible designs.

However, despite the initial cost increase, flex PCBs can provide long-term cost savings by reducing the overall size of the device and minimizing the need for additional components or connectors. For applications where space is crucial or where traditional PCB designs would be too bulky, the investment in a flex PCB can pay off in the long run.

In the debate of non-flex cut vs flex cut PCB, the right choice ultimately depends on the needs of your project. Flex PCBs excel in compactness and flexibility, making them a great choice for dynamic, space-constrained designs. On the other hand, non-flex cut PCBs offer superior stability and durability for applications where rigidity is key.

For some projects, you might even find that combining the benefits of both technologies, like in rigid-flex PCBs, offers the perfect balance of performance and flexibility. When making your decision, consider the design requirements, budget, and long-term needs of your application.

By understanding the differences between flex and non-flex cut PCBs, you can make the best choice for your next project, ensuring efficiency, durability, and performance. Best Technology sets itself apart by providing top-notch, customized Non-Flex Cut and Flex Cut PCB products, quick delivery, and superior customer care. Contact us at sales@bestpcbs.com for inquiries or further details.

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What material is used for flexible PCB?

Thursday, October 24th, 2024

Flexible PCB is a printed circuit board made of flexible substrate, which can be bent, folded or twisted to a certain extent to meet the needs of various complex electronic device structures.

What are flexible PCBs made of?

Flexible PCBs are mainly made of polyimide or polyester film. These materials have good flexibility and insulation properties, which enable flexible PCBs to maintain stable working conditions in various bending and twisting environments.

The manufacturing process of flexible PCBs includes the following main steps:

Design phase: Use design software to create a prototype of the circuit board, determine the required lines, circuits and components, and design the shape and size of the flexible PCB according to the shape and size of the product.

Board making phase: Print the required lines and patterns on the plastic substrate, usually using photolithography techniques such as coating photolithography and inkjet printing.

Surface treatment and coating: Clean the circuit board and apply a protective coating to prevent chemical and mechanical wear, moisture, corrosion, etc.

Electroplating copper: Apply electroplating copper to certain parts of the flexible PCB to thicken the line.

Pattern chemical etching: Etch away the unnecessary parts of the circuit board and retain the required lines and components.

Molding and perforation: Cut the flexible PCB into the desired shape.

What is the difference between FR4 and flex PCB?

Material composition and performance

FR4: FR4 is the most common PCB substrate, mainly composed of glass fiber and epoxy resin. It has good electrical, thermal and mechanical properties.

Flexible PCB: Flexible PCB (FPC) is mainly made of materials such as polyimide (PI) and is flexible and bendable. They are often used in application scenarios that require frequent bending or limited space.

Application scenarios

FR4: Due to its rigidity and stability, FR4 is often used in applications that require high mechanical strength and stability, such as computer motherboards, mobile phone motherboards, etc.

Flexible PCB: Flexible PCB is often used in applications in car curves and corners, display screens and reverse cam screens, etc. due to its flexibility and bendability.

Manufacturing process and cost

FR4: The manufacturing process includes drilling, etching, copper plating, etc., with moderate cost, suitable for most consumer electronic products.

Flexible PCB: The manufacturing process is relatively complex and the cost is high, but it can meet the needs of specific applications.

In summary, FR4 and flexible PCBs have significant differences in material composition, performance and application scenarios. Choosing the right material depends on the specific application requirements.

What is the difference between a rigid PCB and a flexible PCB?

The main differences between rigid PCBs and flexible PCBs include softness, load-bearing capacity, durability, heat resistance and other aspects.

Softness: Flexible PCBs (FPCs) have good flexibility and can be easily twisted, bent and even folded, and are suitable for application scenarios that require flexible wiring. Rigid PCBs, on the other hand, are harder and cannot be bent, and are usually used in devices that require stability and high load capacity.

Load-bearing capacity: Flexible PCBs have relatively weak current carrying capacity and are suitable for applications with smaller currents. Rigid PCBs have stronger current carrying capacity and are suitable for high-load electronic devices.

Durability and heat resistance: Flexible PCBs can better absorb vibration and shock, have high durability and heat resistance, and can be used in extreme environments. Although rigid PCBs are thicker, they are easily damaged under the influence of high temperatures and chemicals.

Manufacturing process and materials: Flexible PCBs use flexible materials such as polyimide, and a cover layer process is used during the manufacturing process to protect the circuit. Rigid PCBs use thicker materials, usually made of glass-like materials, and require reinforcement.

Application scenarios: Flexible PCBs are widely used in modern smart devices such as smartphones, tablets, and wearable devices due to their flexibility and thinness. Rigid PCBs are often used in devices that require stability and high load capacity, such as laptops and desktop computers.

In summary, there are significant differences between rigid PCBs and flexible PCBs in terms of softness, load-bearing capacity, durability, heat resistance, and application scenarios. The selection of the appropriate type of circuit board should be determined according to specific application requirements.

What is the advantage of flex PCB?

Flexible PCB (Flexible Printed Circuit, FPC for short) has the following main advantages:

Flexibility: The main advantage of flexible PCBs is their elasticity and bending ability. They can be easily twisted, bent, and even folded, suitable for design requirements of various complex shapes.

Reduce weight and space: Flexible PCBs not only provide greater design freedom, but also have better space utilization and weight efficiency. Due to their thin and light characteristics, flexible PCBs can greatly reduce weight and space, especially for small devices.

Suitable for harsh environments: Flexible PCBs can be made of various corrosion-resistant materials and can withstand harsh environmental conditions.

Better thermal management: Flexible PCBs are made of polyimide, which has excellent thermal stability and can withstand extremely high heat.

Reduce costs: Flexible PCBs reduce assembly costs by reducing space requirements and the number of components. Since the need for wiring and connectors is reduced, testing and rework time is also reduced, improving productivity and efficiency.

In summary, flexible PCBs have significant advantages in flexibility, weight, space utilization, environmental adaptability and cost-effectiveness, making them an ideal choice for many high-tech products and applications requiring high reliability.

What are the disadvantages of flexible PCB?

The main disadvantages of flexible PCBs (FPCs) include:

High one-time initial cost: Since flexible PCBs are designed and manufactured for special applications, the cost of circuit design, wiring and photographic plates is high.

Difficult to change and repair: Once a flexible PCB is made, changes must start from the base map or the compiled photolithography program, so it is not easy to change. Its surface is covered with a protective film, which needs to be removed before repair and restored after repair, which is a relatively difficult task.

Size is limited: Flexible PCB is usually manufactured by intermittent process when it is not yet popular. Therefore, it is limited by the size of production equipment and cannot be made very long or wide.

Improper operation can easily cause damage: Improper operation by the assembly personnel can easily cause damage to the flexible circuit. Its soldering and rework require trained personnel to operate.

How thick is a flex PCB board?

The common thickness of flexible PCB board is 0.2mm. The thickening layer will be added behind the parts to be soldered. The thickness of the thickening layer is generally 0.2mm or 0.4mm12.

In addition, the thickness of flexible PCB board usually ranges from 0.1mm to 0.4mm, of which the thickness of 0.1mm to 0.4mm is called ultra-thin PCB board.

Where are flexible PCBs used?

Flexible PCB (Flexible Printed Circuit Board, FPC) is widely used in many fields, mainly including the following aspects:

Consumer electronics: Flexible PCB is widely used in consumer electronics such as smartphones, tablets, smart watches, etc.

Medical equipment: In medical equipment, flexible PCB can bend and adapt to specific shapes, and is often used in electrocardiographs, blood pressure monitors, monitoring equipment and medical sensors, etc.

Automotive electronics: Flexible PCB plays an important role in automotive electronic systems, connecting in-vehicle entertainment systems, navigation systems, dashboards, body control modules and safety systems, etc.

Aerospace: Flexible PCB is also widely used in the aerospace field, such as satellite communications, spacecraft control, etc.

Industrial control and automation: In the field of industrial control and automation, flexible PCB is used to connect sensors, actuators, control modules and data acquisition equipment, etc.

LED lighting: Flexible PCB is also used in LED lighting products to provide connection and signal transmission functions.

In summary, the material combination of flexible PCBs gives them unique properties and a wide range of application prospects. The flexible substrate provides bendability and durability, the conductive layer ensures efficient transmission of electronic signals, and the cover layer provides protection for the entire structure. The continuous innovation and optimization of these materials will continue to promote the development of flexible PCBs.

Tags:flex PCB, flexible PCB, PCB
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What is a high temperature resistance flexible PCB?

Tuesday, October 22nd, 2024

A high temperature resistant flexible PCB is a flexible printed circuit board that can maintain stable performance in a high temperature environment. It is usually composed of a flexible substrate, a conductive layer, and a cover layer. It has the characteristics of being bendable, foldable, and lightweight, and can withstand high temperatures without affecting its electrical and mechanical properties.

What is the maximum temperature for a flex PCB?

The high temperature resistance of a flexible PCB mainly depends on its substrate material. Generally speaking, the maximum temperature that a flexible PCB can withstand can reach 280 degrees in a short period of time, but the long-term temperature is generally between 120 degrees and 150 degrees. ‌

What is a high temperature resistance flexible PCB?

Different types of flexible PCB materials have different tolerances to temperature. PI is a commonly used flexible PCB substrate material that has excellent heat resistance and stability. It can maintain performance in the range of -200 degrees to 300 degrees, but the long-term use temperature is generally between 120 degrees and 150 degrees. ‌

In addition, the glass transition point of solder mask is about 110 degrees, so special attention should be paid to the temperature limit of these materials when designing flexible PCBs. ‌

What temperature should flexible PCB soldering be?

‌The optimal temperature range for flexible PCB soldering is 290-310 degrees Celsius. This temperature range is suitable for most flexible PCB soldering operations and can ensure soldering quality and component reliability.

In specific operations, the soldering time should be kept within a few seconds to prevent damage to the pads of the PCB board. Accurate temperature management is essential to ensure the solder joint quality and circuit performance of the PCB board. The soldering temperature may vary for different types of flexible PCBs.

What is high Tg PCB?

‌High Tg PCB refers to PCB materials with higher glass transition temperature (Tg). ‌ Tg is the temperature point at which the material changes from glass to rubber state. High Tg materials can still maintain good mechanical strength and dimensional stability at high temperatures. ‌

The main advantages of high Tg PCB include:

‌Heat resistance‌: High Tg materials can still maintain good mechanical strength and dimensional stability at higher temperatures and are suitable for high temperature environments. ‌

‌Moisture resistance‌: High Tg materials have low moisture absorption. Even after being heated after moisture absorption, they can maintain good mechanical strength and adhesion, reducing the risk of failure caused by moisture‌.

‌Chemical resistance‌: High Tg materials have better chemical stability at high temperatures and are not easy to decompose‌.

‌Dimensional stability‌: When the temperature changes, the dimensional changes of high Tg materials are small, ensuring the accuracy of PCB‌.

Application scenarios of high Tg PCB include:

Lead-free manufacturing process‌: In highly functional and multi-layered electronic products, high Tg materials can ensure the stability and reliability of PCB in lead-free processes‌.

‌High temperature environment‌: In applications that need to withstand high temperature environments, such as computers, mobile communication devices, etc., high Tg PCBs can ensure stable operation of the equipment‌.

What are the disadvantages of flexible PCB?

The main disadvantages of flexible PCB include:

‌High one-time initial cost‌: Since flexible PCBs are designed and manufactured for special applications, the initial circuit design, wiring and photographic plate costs are high.

‌Difficult to change and repair‌: Once a flexible PCB is made, it must be changed from the base map or the compiled photolithography program, so it is not easy to change. Its surface is covered with a protective film, which must be removed before repair and restored after repair, which is a more difficult task‌.

How thick is the copper in a flex PCB?

The copper foil thickness in a flexible PCB is usually around 0.1mm. The copper foil thickness of a flexible PCB is generally 0.1mm, which is one of its common specifications‌.

In addition, the copper foil thickness of a rigid PCB has a wide range, and common thicknesses include 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm, 1.0mm, 1.2mm, 1.6mm, 2.0mm, etc.‌. The copper foil thickness of a rigid PCB can be adjusted according to demand. For example, in an environment where high current and high power are required, the copper foil thickness may be higher‌.

Flexible PCB materials usually include polyester film, polyimide film, and fluorinated ethylene propylene film, etc. These materials are widely used in curved and flexible circuit designs in electronic devices‌.

Why are Flex PCBs so expensive?

First, material cost is one of the main factors affecting the price of flexible PCBs. Flexible PCBs mainly use special materials such as polyimide (PI) and polyester film, which have excellent heat resistance and electrical properties, but are more expensive.

Second, manufacturing process is also an important reason for the high cost of flexible PCBs. The production process of flexible PCBs includes multiple complex links such as exposure, development, etching, lamination and testing. High-precision manufacturing processes, such as fine line etching and precise alignment, require advanced equipment and technology, which increases production costs.

Design complexity is also a key factor. The design and manufacture of flexible PCBs involve multiple processes, such as etching, copper plating, drilling, etc. The higher the complexity of the process, the higher the manufacturing cost.

Finally, market demand also affects the cost of flexible PCBs. Mass production can effectively reduce unit costs, while small batch or customized production may lead to higher costs.

What is rigid-flex PCB vs flex PCB?

The main difference between rigid-flex PCB and flexible PCB lies in their structure and application scenarios. Rigid-flex PCB combines the characteristics of rigid PCB and flexible PCB, while flexible PCB is made entirely of flexible materials.

Rigid-flex PCB is a circuit board that combines rigid board and flexible board, and is usually used in areas where both rigidity and flexibility are required. This type of circuit board uses flexible materials in specific areas and remains rigid in other areas to meet complex design requirements.

Flexible PCB is made entirely of flexible materials and is usually used in applications that require high flexibility and space saving. Flexible PCB uses flexible materials such as polyimide, allowing the circuit board to be easily bent and folded in a small space. This type of PCB is widely used in modern smart devices such as smartphones, tablets and wearable devices to achieve smaller size and more complex functions.

What is the difference between FR4 and flex PCB?

The main difference between FR4 and flexible PCB lies in their materials, structure and application scenarios. FR4 is a rigid PCB substrate, mainly composed of glass fiber and epoxy resin, with good electrical properties and mechanical strength, suitable for applications requiring high stability and reliability. Flexible PCBs are highly flexible and bendable, suitable for applications with limited space or frequent bending.

FR4 features and applications:

FR4 is currently the most common PCB substrate. FR4 has good electrical properties, with a dielectric constant between 4.5 and 4.8, suitable for medium and low frequency applications; in terms of thermal performance, its thermal expansion coefficient is about 14-17ppm/°C, and its heat resistance can reach 260°C; in terms of mechanical properties, FR4 has high bending strength and tensile strength, suitable for manufacturing processes such as drilling, etching, and copper plating.

Due to its stability and reliability, FR4 is often used in applications such as display screens and reverse cam screens that require high stability.

Flexible PCBs features and applications:

Flexible PCBs (FPCs) are mainly made of materials such as polyimide and are highly flexible and bendable. They are often used in applications with limited size or frequent bending.

The design of flexible PCB is relatively simple, but when rigidity needs to be increased for easy installation or assembly, reinforcement plates such as PI, FR-4 or steel sheets are used.

Due to the high flexibility of flexible PCBs, they are often used in devices that require frequent movement or deformation, such as touch sensors and automotive lighting systems.

As a new type of PCB in the electronics field, high-temperature resistant flexible PCBs have gradually become a popular choice in the electronics field with their excellent high-temperature resistance, bendability, foldability, light weight, stable electrical performance, and good mechanical properties. High-temperature resistant flexible PCBs play an important role in applications in high-temperature environments such as aerospace, automotive electronics, industrial control, and medical equipment.

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Board electronics with holes

Friday, October 4th, 2024

Board electronics with holes The types of vias in PCB include through holes, blind holes and buried holes, which have different characteristics and requirements in design and manufacturing. The selection of the appropriate via type should consider the number of PCB layers, wiring density, signal frequency, cost budget and production process. The via design should pay attention to avoid affecting the welding quality, preventing electrical short circuits, and saving costs in high-density packaging.

What are the holes in a PCB called?

What are the holes on PCB called? What are the holes in the circuit? The holes on PCB can be roughly divided into 3 types, screw holes (mounting holes), conductive holes (vias), and plug-in holes.

Screw holes: Screw holes are used for fixing.

Conductive holes: Conductive holes (also called vias) are used for conducting electricity just like circuits.

Plug-in holes: Plug-in holes are of course used to plug in various parts, such as diodes, transistors, capacitors, inductors, etc.

What is a through hole

What is a through hole? Through holes, also known as perforations, are holes in a PCB that go all the way through the board. Their main purpose is to provide electrical connections for component pins while allowing soldering on both sides of the board.

1.A via is a special through hole whose wall is metallized to achieve electrical connection between different layers on a circuit board. This type of hole is usually used to connect component pins to internal circuits, or to achieve electrical connection between different layers in a multi-layer PCB. Vias need to be metallized during the PCB manufacturing process, which usually includes drilling, desmearing, chemical copper plating, and electroplating.

2.Non-conducting holes are the opposite of through holes. Their hole walls are not metallized, so they do not have electrical connection functions. These holes are mainly used for mechanical fixation, heat dissipation or identification purposes. Non-conducting holes are relatively simple in the PCB manufacturing process, and only drilling operations are required.

What is a blind via?

A blind via is a hole that extends from one side of a PCB to a certain internal layer without penetrating the entire board. The emergence of blind vias is mainly due to the development of HDI technology, which provides circuit designers with greater flexibility and more compact layout. Blind vias are usually used to connect surface mount components (SMD) to internal circuit layers, or to connect circuits between different internal layers.

What are buried vias?

Buried vias are holes located inside the PCB that do not penetrate any side of the board. They are completely hidden inside the board and are used to connect circuits between different internal layers. Buried vias are especially useful in HDI boards because they can reduce the overall thickness of the board while maintaining electrical connections between internal circuits.

What is a microvia?

Microvia refers to a hole with a smaller diameter, usually at the micron level. The emergence of microvia technology enables PCB designers to achieve more complex circuit layouts in a smaller space. Microvias are often used in high-density, high-reliability electronic devices such as mobile phones and tablets. The manufacture of microvias requires high-precision drilling equipment and technology to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the holes.

What are Mounting holes？

What are Mounting holes?Locking holes are auxiliary holes used in the PCB manufacturing and assembly process to accurately locate and fix the circuit board. They are usually located at the edge or specific position of the PCB to ensure that the circuit board can be accurately aligned and fixed during manufacturing, testing and assembly. The locating holes do not participate in the connection of the circuit, but are essential to ensure the quality and performance of the circuit board.

What are Mounting holes？

What are thermal vias?

Thermal vias are holes designed specifically for heat dissipation, usually large and can run through the entire PCB or multiple layers. Their role is to reduce heat buildup on the circuit board by increasing surface area and air flow, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the device. Thermal vias are particularly important in high-performance, high-power electronic devices.

FAQ About board electronics with holes

How to solve the contradiction between manual routing and automatic routing of high-speed signals?

Most of the current powerful routing software’s automatic routing tools have set constraints to control the routing method and the number of vias. The routing engine capabilities and constraint setting items of various EDA companies are sometimes very different. For example, whether there are enough constraints to control the winding method of the serpentine, whether the routing spacing of the differential pair can be controlled, etc. This will affect whether the routing method generated by automatic routing can meet the designer’s ideas. In addition, the difficulty of manually adjusting the routing is also related to the capabilities of the routing engine. For example, the pushing ability of the routing, the pushing ability of the via, and even the pushing ability of the routing pair copper. Therefore, choosing a routing tool with strong routing engine capabilities is the solution.

Will adding test points affect the quality of high-speed signals?

As for whether it will affect the signal quality, it depends on the method of adding test points and how fast the signal is. Basically, the additional test points (not using the existing vias (via or DIP pins) as test points) may be added to the line or a small section of wire may be pulled out from the line. The former is equivalent to adding a very small capacitor to the line, while the latter is an additional branch. Both of these situations will have some impact on high-speed signals, and the extent of the impact is related to the frequency speed of the signal and the edge rate of the signal. The magnitude of the impact can be learned through simulation. In principle, the smaller the test point, the better (of course, it must meet the requirements of the test equipment) and the shorter the branch, the better.

Can you introduce some foreign technical books and data on high-speed PCB design?

Now the application of high-speed digital circuits includes communication networks and calculators and other related fields. In the communication network, the operating frequency of PCB boards has reached around GHz, and the number of layers is as many as 40 layers as far as I know. Due to the advancement of chips, the operating frequency of calculator-related applications, whether it is a general PC or server, has reached 400MHz (such as Rambus) or above. In response to the demand for high-speed and high-density routing, the demand for blind/buried vias, mircrovias and build-up process technology is gradually increasing. These design requirements can be mass-produced by manufacturers.

Does the design of rigid-flexible boards require special design software and specifications? Where can I undertake the processing of such circuit boards in China?

Can I use general PCB design software to design flexible printed circuits (Flexible Printed Circuit). The Gerber format is also used for FPC manufacturers to produce. Since the manufacturing process is different from that of general PCBs, each manufacturer will have its own restrictions on line width, line spacing, and aperture (via) based on their manufacturing capabilities. In addition, some copper foil can be laid at the turning point of the flexible circuit board for reinforcement. As for the manufacturer, you can search for “FPC” as a keyword on the Internet and you should be able to find it.

If the size of the circuit board is fixed, if the design needs to accommodate more functions, it is often necessary to increase the routing density of the PCB, but this may lead to increased mutual interference between the routings, and at the same time, the impedance cannot be reduced if the routing is too thin. Please introduce the techniques in the design of high-speed (>100MHz) high-density PCBs?

When designing high-speed and high-density PCBs, crosstalk interference does need to be paid special attention to because it has a great impact on timing and signal integrity. Here are a few things to note:

Control the continuity and matching of the characteristic impedance of the trace.

The size of the trace spacing. The spacing commonly seen is twice the line width. Through simulation, you can know the impact of trace spacing on timing and signal integrity and find the tolerable spacing. The results of different chip signals may be different.

Choose an appropriate termination method.

Avoid the same routing direction of the upper and lower adjacent layers, or even have traces overlapped up and down, because this kind of crosstalk is greater than the case of adjacent traces on the same layer.

Use blind/buried vias to increase the trace area. However, the production cost of the PCB board will increase. It is indeed difficult to achieve complete parallelism and equal length in actual implementation, but it should be done as much as possible.

In addition, differential termination and common mode termination can be reserved to mitigate the impact on timing and signal integrity.

The RF part, IF part, and even the low-frequency circuit part of the outdoor unit are often deployed on the same PCB. What are the material requirements for such PCB? How to prevent interference between RF, IF, and even low-frequency circuits?

Hybrid circuit design is a big problem. It is difficult to have a perfect solution.

Generally, RF circuits are laid out and wired as an independent single board in the system, and there will even be a special shielding cavity. Moreover, RF circuits are generally single-sided or double-sided boards, and the circuits are relatively simple. All of these are to reduce the impact on the distributed parameters of RF circuits and improve the consistency of RF systems. Compared with general FR4 materials, RF circuit boards tend to use high-Q substrates. The dielectric constant of this material is relatively small, the distributed capacitance of the transmission line is small, the impedance is high, and the signal transmission delay is small. In hybrid circuit design, although RF and digital circuits are made on the same PCB, they are generally divided into RF circuit area and digital circuit area, and laid out and wired separately. Shielding is used between ground vias and shielding boxes.

Tags:ceramic PCB, PCB, pcb design, PCBA
Posted in best pcb, bestpcb, Ceramic PCB, Chinese Holiday, Customer Visiting, DBC substrate, FAQ, FR4 PCB, HDI PCB, mcpcb, Metal Core PCB, PCB News, PCB Technology, PCBA, Rigid Flex Circuit, SMT Technology, Special PCB, Uncategorized | No Comments »

What are the types of PCB boards?

Monday, August 26th, 2024

PCB (Printed Circuit Board) boards can be classified according to their constituent materials and characteristics. PCBs are classified into single-sided boards, double-sided boards, and multi-layer boards according to board applications. They are classified into flexible PCB boards (flexible boards), rigid PCB boards, rigid-flexible PCB boards (rigid-flexible boards) according to materials, etc.

PCB is an important electronic component, a support for electronic components, and a provider of electrical connections for electronic components. Since it is made using electronic printing technology, it is also called a printed circuit board. PCB is simply a thin board with integrated circuits and other electronic components.

1. Single-sided board:

On the most basic printed circuit board, parts are concentrated on one side and wires are concentrated on the other side. Because wires only appear on one side, this type of printed circuit board is called a single-sided board. Because single-sided boards have many strict restrictions on designing circuits (because there is only one side, wiring cannot cross and must go around a separate path), early circuits used this type of circuit board.

2. Double-sided board

This type of circuit board has wiring on both sides. In order to connect the wires on both sides, there must be a proper circuit connection between the two sides. This connection between the circuits is called a guide hole. A guide hole is a small hole filled or coated with metal on a printed circuit board, which can be connected to the wires on both sides. Because the area of a double-sided board is doubled that of a single-sided board, and the wiring can be interlaced (can go around to the other side), double-sided boards can be used on more complex circuits than single-sided boards.

3. Multilayer board:

In order to increase the area that can be wired, multilayer boards use more single- or double-sided wiring boards. Multilayer boards use several double-sided boards, and put an insulating layer between each layer of boards and glue them firmly. The number of layers of the circuit board represents how many independent wiring layers there are, usually an even number of layers, and includes the two outermost layers.

4. Flexible PCB board

Flexible PCB board is a printed circuit board made of a flexible substrate. Its advantage is that it can be bent, which is convenient for the assembly of electrical components. Flexible circuit board, flexible PCB, flexible circuit and multi-function printed circuit are other names for these circuit boards. These printed circuit boards are made using the same components as rigid printed circuit boards. The main difference is that the circuit board is designed to bend to the desired shape throughout the application process. These PCBs are available in single-sided, double-sided, and multi-layer configurations. This helps reduce the complexity of unit assembly.

5. Rigid PCB Board

Rigid PCB is a circuit board that cannot be twisted or folded. The base material of the board is a rigid substrate, which gives the board rigidity and strength. They are composed of multiple layers, including substrate layers, copper layers, solder mask layers, and silk screen layers, which are bonded together by adhesives and heat. While some circuit boards are single-sided, double-sided, or multi-layered, rigid PCBs can be any of these as needed. However, once made, they cannot be modified or changed.

6. Rigid-Flex Board

Rigid-Flex Board is a hybrid circuit board that combines elements of flexible and rigid circuit boards to form a foldable or continuously bendable circuit board, which is usually molded into a curved shape or curve during the manufacturing process.

The flexible portion of the circuit board is often used for interconnections between rigid circuit boards, allowing narrower wires to take up less space, thereby reducing the size of the circuit board. Using flexible PCBs for interconnections often eliminates the need for bulky and heavy connectors, making rigid-flex boards lighter. The design of rigid-flex boards is slightly more complicated because these boards are 3D constructed, allowing the board to be folded or twisted to produce the shape required for the product.

7. High-frequency PCB board

High-frequency circuits refer to the overall circuit board design, not the other types of circuit board structures we described earlier. These PCBs are designed to conduct signals over 1 GHz.

High-frequency boards mostly use FR4-grade glass-reinforced epoxy boards, polyphenylene ether (PPO) resins, and Teflon, but Teflon has a low and stable Dk value, low dielectric loss, low hygroscopicity, and is slightly more expensive.

When designing high-frequency circuits, various factors must be considered, such as Dk value, dissipative loss, and dielectric thickness. The DK value of the substrate is an important factor to remember. Substrates with a higher probability of Dk value changes usually experience impedance changes, which affects the harmonics that make up the electrical signal, resulting in poor signal integrity.

8. Copper substrate

Copper substrate is a metal substrate with high thermal conductivity, suitable for high-frequency circuits and areas with large high and low temperature changes and heat dissipation and architectural decoration industries for precision communication equipment.

The copper substrate circuit layer requires a large current carrying capacity, and a thicker copper foil should be used, with a thickness of generally 35μm~280μm. The thermal conductive insulation layer is the core technology of the copper substrate. It is composed of core thermal conductive components and high molecular polymers, with low thermal resistance (0.15), excellent viscoelastic properties, resistance to thermal aging, and the ability to withstand mechanical and thermal stress.

The copper substrate metal base is the supporting member of the copper substrate, which is required to have high thermal conductivity. It is generally a copper plate, and a copper plate can also be used (where the copper plate can provide better thermal conductivity). It is suitable for conventional mechanical processing such as drilling, punching and cutting.

9. Aluminum-based PCB board

The design of aluminum-based PCB circuits is similar to that of copper-based PCBs, but the substrate material of aluminum-based PCBs is aluminum metal, rather than the standard glass fiber used in most circuits.

The aluminum layer is reinforced with the least heat-resistant insulation material, which means less heat is transferred from the insulation material to the backing. After applying the insulation layer, another layer of copper is required.

10. High Density Interconnect (HDI) PCB

Among the many types of PCBs, HDI PCB is a circuit with multiple interconnections that takes up very little space. HDI components are mounted close to each other, minimizing PCB space while maintaining high functionality. Boards containing 120-160 pins per square inch are classified as HDI PCBs.

HDI designs integrate dense device mounting and multi-purpose wiring. With the help of microvias, buried vias, and blind vias, compact circuits can be made, minimizing drilling to copper. For the electrical requirements of high-speed signals, HDI PCBs must have high-frequency conduction capabilities, impedance control, and minimal redundant radiation.

11. Thick Copper PCB

Thick copper PCB is also called heavy copper PCB. Basically, it contains more than 2 ounces of copper in the inner and outer layers of the board. Heavy copper transmitters significantly increase the overall thickness of the board; thick copper boards are known for supporting high currents, high temperatures, and cyclical thermal cycles.

12. High TG PCB

Among various types of PCBs, high Tg PCBs are circuit boards designed to work at high temperatures. Glass transition temperature (Tg) is an essential element of any epoxy resin. It is basically the temperature point at which the polymer changes from a hard glass substrate to a soft rubber substrate. The substrates used to make high Tg circuit boards must be flame retardant, which means that they soften instead of burning at the glass transition point (Tg).

The higher the Tg value, the higher the temperature requirement during lamination. Under such conditions, the PCB will become hard and brittle, affecting the aperture size and related electrical properties. Standard boards will soften, deform and melt under such conditions, and their mechanical and electrical properties will be significantly reduced.

Standard FR-4 Tg is between 130-1400C, medium Tg is between 150-1600C, and high Tg is above 1700C. The higher the Tg value, the better the board’s heat, moisture and chemical resistance.

Conclusion:

PCB board types are updated and iterated with the rapid development of the industry, and various types of PCB boards have gradually evolved to cope with various application scenarios, adding corresponding materials according to the required performance. BEST Technology has various PCB types of manufacturing technology, which can meet your any type of PCB needs.

Tags:PCB, pcb design, pcb type
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