Archive for the ‘FAQ’ Category

What is remote control PCB? PCB Design & Production

Tuesday, January 7th, 2025

What is remote control PCB? The remote control PCB is an electronic circuit board inside the remote control, which is used to connect and support various electronic components to realize signal transmission and processing. It connects the microcontroller, communication module, input components, and power management components through conductive lines, so that the remote control can receive the user’s input signal, convert it into a control signal, and realize remote control of equipment such as TVs and air conditioners.

What is remote control PCB?

The remote control PCB refers to the printed circuit board used in the remote control. It is the core component inside the remote control, responsible for connecting various electronic components to realize various functions of the remote control.

The remote control PCB is usually composed of multiple layers of conductive metal (usually copper foil) and insulating materials. These metal layers are designed into a complex circuit network, and the combination of wiring and insulating materials enables electronic components to achieve electrical connection and functional integration.

The electronic components on the PCB include resistors, capacitors, transistors, integrated circuits (ICs), etc. They are connected together through the metal network on the PCB to form a complete circuit, thereby realizing various functions of the remote control.

The types of remote control PCB mainly include single-sided board, double-sided board and multi-layer board:

Single-sided board: the most basic PCB type, suitable for simple circuit design.

Double-sided board: wiring on both sides, suitable for more complex circuit design.

Multi-layer board: can be further divided into middle and bottom boards and high-layer boards, mainly used for high-end equipment.

Remote control PCB is widely used in various electronic devices. Through the design and layout of PCB, the reception, processing and output of remote control signals can be realized, so as to control the switch, volume adjustment, channel selection and other functions of related equipment.

How to design remote control PCB?

Designing remote control PCB requires comprehensive consideration of functional requirements, component selection, circuit design, layout and wiring, power management, signal integrity, electromagnetic compatibility and thermal design.

1. Functional requirements analysis

Determine the control function: clarify which devices and functions the remote control needs to control, such as switch, volume adjustment, channel switching, etc.

Signal transmission method: Select a suitable signal transmission method, select the corresponding components and design layout according to the signal type.

2. Component selection

Microcontroller (MCU): Select a suitable MCU, and select an MCU with sufficient processing power and input/output interface according to functional requirements.

Communication module: Select the corresponding communication module according to the signal type, such as infrared transmission module, radio frequency module or Bluetooth module.

Input component: Select a suitable button, touch screen or other input component for user operation and control.

Power management component: Select a suitable power management component, such as battery management chip, voltage regulator, etc., to ensure a stable power supply.

3. Circuit design

Draw a circuit schematic: Use circuit design software (such as Altium Designer, Eagle, etc.) to draw a circuit schematic and connect all components according to functional requirements.

Check the circuit: Carefully check the circuit schematic to ensure that all connections are correct, there are no short circuits or open circuits, etc., and perform circuit analysis and simulation to verify the feasibility of the circuit.

4. PCB layout and wiring

Layout: PCB layout should be carried out according to the schematic diagram, and the position of components should be arranged reasonably to minimize signal interference and noise. High-frequency components and sensitive components should be kept away from power lines and ground lines.

Wiring: When wiring PCB, try to use short and straight lines to avoid long lines and too many corners. Pay attention to the layout of signal lines and ground lines to ensure stable signal transmission.

Impedance matching: For high-frequency signal lines, impedance matching design should be carried out to reduce signal reflection and interference and improve the reliability of signal transmission.

5. Power supply design

Power supply circuit: Design a reasonable power supply circuit, including power input, filtering, voltage regulation and other parts to ensure stable power supply and avoid the influence of power supply noise on the circuit.

Power management: Design a power management strategy according to the power consumption requirements of the remote control to extend battery life.

6. Signal integrity and electromagnetic compatibility

Signal integrity: For high-speed and high-frequency signals, perform signal integrity analysis and design, optimize signal transmission paths, reduce signal distortion and reflection, and ensure signal integrity.

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC): Take measures to improve the electromagnetic compatibility of PCB, reduce electromagnetic interference and radiation, and meet relevant EMC standards.

7. Thermal design

Heat dissipation design: According to the power consumption and heat dissipation requirements of the components, perform heat dissipation design, reasonably arrange heat dissipation components, and ensure that the components are within the normal operating temperature range.

Thermal management: Use thermal management strategies to improve the heat dissipation performance of PCB.

8. Testing and verification

Functional test: Perform functional test on remote control PCB to ensure that all functions work properly, including signal transmission, input response, etc.

Performance test: Perform performance test to ensure that the performance of PCB meets the design requirements.

Reliability test: Perform reliability test, such as vibration test, temperature cycle test, etc., to ensure the reliability and stability of PCB in various environments.

What does the remote control PCB consist of?

The main components of remote control PCB include mainboard, remote control chip, battery interface, button, indicator light and shell. Among them, the motherboard is the core part of the entire circuit board, and the remote control chip is an important part of controlling the remote control.

Motherboard: The core part of the circuit board, carrying other electronic components.

Remote control chip: Process key signals, encoding signals and control other circuit components.

Battery interface: Provide power support for other components on the circuit board.

Key module: Receive user operation instructions and convert the instructions into electrical signals.

Indicator light: Display the status or function of the remote control.

Shell: Protect internal components and provide users with a grip.

How does a remote control PCB work?

The working principle of the remote control PCB mainly involves signal generation, transmission and reception.

1. User input

Button or touch screen operation: The user selects the function or command to be controlled by pressing a button or touching the screen. These input devices convert the user’s operation into electrical signals and send them to the microcontroller (MCU).

2. Signal processing

Microcontroller processing: After receiving the input signal, the microcontroller processes and encodes the signal according to the preset program logic.

Coding: Control signals are usually encoded into a specific format for easy transmission and identification. The encoded signal contains complete information required for device control.

3. Signal transmission

Infrared transmission: For infrared remote control, MCU sends the encoded signal to the infrared transmitting module, which converts the electrical signal into an infrared light signal and transmits it through the infrared transmitting diode.

RF transmission: For RF remote control, MCU sends the encoded signal to the RF module, which modulates the signal to a specific frequency and transmits it. RF signals have stronger penetration and longer transmission distance.

Bluetooth transmission: For Bluetooth remote control, MCU transmits the signal to the receiving device wirelessly through the Bluetooth module, which is responsible for signal modulation, encoding and transmission.

4. Signal reception

Receiving device: The receiving device (such as TV, air conditioner, etc.) is equipped with a corresponding receiving module to receive the signal sent by the remote control.

Decoding and execution: After receiving the signal, the receiving module decodes it, converts it into a control instruction, and then performs the corresponding operation according to the instruction.

Through the above steps, the remote control PCB realizes the complete process from user input to device control, enabling users to conveniently operate various devices remotely.

How to produce remote control PCB?

The production process of remote control PCB mainly includes the following steps:

Design stage: The design stage includes determining the function of the circuit, laying out components, drawing wire paths, etc.

Raw material preparation: According to the design requirements, purchase suitable substrate materials, such as FR-4, which has good insulation, mechanical strength and cost-effectiveness, and is suitable for most common electronic products.

Cutting and drilling: Cut the copper clad board into the required size, and use a high-precision drilling machine to drill precise through holes on the circuit board. These holes will be used for electrical connections between different layers.

Copper deposition: The hole wall of the PCB is bulked to enhance adhesion, and then a copper foil layer is deposited on the hole wall by electrochemical method to ensure the conductivity of the hole.

Line exposure: Use LDI technology to accurately project the circuit diagram onto the copper clad layer of the PCB, and form the prototype of the circuit diagram through exposure and development of the photosensitive dry film.

Electroplating: Further increase the thickness of the copper layer on the developed circuit and hole wall to ensure its conductivity and mechanical strength.

Outer layer etching: Etch the outer layer of the PCB to form the required circuits and pads.

Gold treatment: Perform gold treatment on the exposed key PAD position to protect the copper layer and prevent oxidation.

Shape treatment: Perform shape treatment on the PCB substrate and finally complete the production.

What should we pay attention to during the production of remote control PCB?

In the production process of remote control PCB, the following key aspects need to be paid attention to to ensure product quality and performance:

1. Design stage

Design review: Ensure that the circuit design is correct and meets the functional and manufacturing requirements.

Follow standards: Strictly follow industry standards and specifications, such as IPC standards, to ensure the manufacturability of the design.

2. Material selection

High-quality materials: Select substrate materials and copper foil that meet the specifications to ensure good insulation and conductivity.

Supplier management: Select suppliers with good reputation to ensure stable and reliable material quality.

3. Manufacturing process

Process control: Strictly control key process parameters such as exposure, etching, and lamination to ensure the stability and consistency of the production process.

Standard Standardized operation: formulate detailed operating procedures to ensure that operators operate according to unified standards and reduce human errors.

4. Quality inspection

Intermediate inspection: set up multiple inspection points during the production process to find and correct problems in time.

Finished product inspection: conduct comprehensive finished product inspection, including functional testing, electrical performance testing and appearance inspection, to ensure that the product meets quality standards.

Thermal management: rationally layout heat dissipation components and heat dissipation channels to ensure that the components are within the normal operating temperature range.

Electromagnetic compatibility: take measures to improve the electromagnetic compatibility of PCB and reduce electromagnetic interference and radiation.

Through the above measures, the production quality of remote control PCB can be effectively improved to ensure its reliability and performance in practical applications.

How to choose a suitable remote control PCB supplier?

Selecting a remote control PCB supplier can be considered from the following points:

1. Comprehensive strength

Production capacity: pay attention to the production line, equipment and workers to ensure that the production scale and delivery period can be met, and understand the ability to respond to emergency orders.

Technical level: check whether there are advanced process capabilities and R&D teams, and whether they can provide technical support.

Quality control: examine whether there are quality certifications and complete testing processes and equipment.

2. Service quality

Pre-sales service: see whether it can provide comprehensive technical consultation, respond to needs in a timely manner, and provide quotations and samples.

After-sales service: understand the after-sales guarantee policy and team situation.

3. Reputation

Customer evaluation: view other customer evaluations through various channels.

Industry status: understand its popularity and cooperation in the industry.

4. Price cost

Price comparison: compare multiple quotations, pay attention to price composition and long-term cooperation discounts.

Cost-effectiveness evaluation: comprehensively consider quality, service, etc. to evaluate cost-effectiveness.

As a professional PCB manufacturer, BEST Technology has strong design and technical support capabilities, and can provide customized remote control PCB design solutions according to customer needs, and ensure reasonable layout and stable signals.

At the same time, we have advanced production equipment and flexible production scale, which can efficiently produce various types of remote control PCBs to meet the needs from small batch proofing to large batch production; in terms of quality control, we follow a strict quality management system and use advanced testing equipment for comprehensive testing to ensure that the quality of each PCB is reliable and defect-free.

In addition, we focus on on-time delivery, provide high-quality customer service and technical support, and respond quickly to customer needs to ensure that customers are worry-free during use and enjoy a good service experience.

Tags:pcb design, remote control PCB
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What Do You Know About FFC Cables, Flexible Flat Cables?

Tuesday, January 7th, 2025

FFC cables refer to flexible flat cables, which are typically flat and can bend in multiple directions, making them ideal for compact, portable devices such as smartphones, laptops, and other electronics.

The unique design of FFC cables allows them to save space while ensuring a stable electrical signal transmission. These cables are often used when traditional, bulkier cables wouldn’t fit or could compromise the device’s design or functionality.

What Are FFC Cables?

FFC cables, or Flexible Flat Cables, are a type of electrical cable designed to transmit power and signals in a compact and flexible manner. These cables are made up of flat, thin conductors that are arranged in a specific pattern. What makes them stand out is their flexibility, allowing them to be bent, twisted, and routed through tight spaces without compromising their functionality. FFC cables are typically used in applications where space is limited but high performance is essential.

Their compact size and flexibility make FFC cables ideal for devices like mobile phones, laptops, cameras, and printers, where flexibility and space optimization are key. The design of FFC cables ensures they can be easily routed around corners or into confined spaces, making them invaluable in modern electronics.

What Are the Different Types of Flat Flex Cables?

Flat Flex Cables (FFC) are generally classified into two main types based on the alignment of their conductive contact points:

1. Type A (Same-Side Contact): The conductive contacts on both ends of the cable are on the same side. Commonly used when the connectors or devices at both ends have contacts facing the same direction. Ideal for straightforward and simple wiring setups.

2. Type B (Reverse-Side Contact): The conductive contacts on the two ends of the cable are on opposite sides. Typically used when connectors or devices at both ends require contacts on opposing sides.

What Does the Pitch of FFC Cables Refer to?

The pitch of FFC cables refers to the distance between the centers of two adjacent conductive strips (or contacts) on the cable. It is measured in millimeters (mm) and is a critical specification for ensuring compatibility with connectors or devices.

The pitch indicates how closely the conductive strips are spaced. Common pitch sizes for FFC cables include 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.25mm, and 2.54mm, among others.

The pitch must match the spacing of the pins in the connector. Mismatched pitches can lead to poor connections or damage to the cable or device.

Smaller pitches (e.g., 0.5mm) are often used in compact electronic devices like smartphones and laptops. Larger pitches (e.g., 2.54mm) are preferred for applications requiring higher current or mechanical durability.

What Is the Size of Flexible Flat Cable?

The size of a flexible flat cable (FFC) can vary widely, depending on its application and design. In terms of width, FFC cables are typically available in sizes ranging from 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm. However, the size can be customized to meet the specific requirements of the application. The thickness of these cables is usually quite thin, with typical FFC cables measuring only a few millimeters thick. This compact size allows them to fit into tight spaces and be routed easily in small devices.

As for the number of conductors, FFC cables can come with anywhere from a few to several dozen conductors, depending on the complexity of the signal or power they need to carry. This makes them highly adaptable to a wide variety of uses, from simple connections to complex multi-wire systems.

What Is the Maximum Length of FFC Cables?

The maximum length of FFC cables depends on several factors, including the type of cable and the power or signal it carries. Generally, FFC cables are available in lengths ranging from a few millimeters up to several meters. However, the longer the cable, the more important it becomes to consider factors like signal integrity, resistance, and the quality of the materials used.

In most cases, FFC cables are designed for short to medium distances, typically within the range of 50 cm to 2 meters. However, for specialized applications, custom lengths can be manufactured. It’s important to note that longer cables may require additional shielding or signal conditioning to maintain signal quality over the distance.

What Is the Difference Between FFC and FPC Cables?

While both FFC and FPC cables share similar characteristics, there are key differences that set them apart:

Design: FFC cables are made up of flat conductors that are spaced apart, whereas FPC cables have conductors printed directly onto a flexible substrate. This means that FPC cables can offer more complex circuit designs.

Application: FFC cables are generally used for more straightforward applications that require flexibility and simplicity, such as in consumer electronics. On the other hand, FPC cables are often used in highly specialized applications, including medical devices and aerospace, due to their ability to support more complex layouts.

Flexibility: While both types are flexible, FPC cables are often more flexible than FFC cables due to their thinner and more precise construction. This gives FPC Cables an advantage in applications that require frequent bending or folding. Best Technology offers a wide range of FPC products with high quality, tailored to meet the specific needs of each customer. Reach out to us at sales@bestfpc.com for more details.

Cost: FFC cables are usually less expensive to produce, while FPC cables, with their intricate designs and specialized applications, can be costlier.

Choosing between FFC and FPC cables depends largely on the complexity and requirements of the application. Both offer distinct advantages depending on your needs.

How to Choose FFC Cables?

Choosing the right FFC cables requires understanding the specific needs of your project. Here are some key factors to consider when selecting FFC cables:

Width and Pitch: Determine the width and pitch of the cable to ensure it fits in the space and connectors you are working with. Common pitch sizes are 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 1.25 mm.

Conductor Count: Consider how many conductors you need for your application. More conductors are necessary for complex circuits or multiple connections.

Shielding: If your application is sensitive to electromagnetic interference (EMI), choose a shielded FFC cable to protect your signal integrity.

Length: Consider how far the signal needs to travel. Shorter cables are usually more efficient, but longer cables can be customized as needed.

Environment: If the cable will be exposed to extreme temperatures or harsh conditions, make sure to select a cable with the appropriate protective coatings or materials.

By evaluating these factors, you can ensure you choose the right FFC cables for your application.

What Are FFC Cables Used For?

FFC cables are used in a wide variety of applications where space is limited and flexibility is required. Some of the most common uses include:

Consumer Electronics: In devices like smartphones, laptops, tablets, and cameras, FFC cables connect internal components while maintaining a small profile.

Automotive Applications: FFC cables are used to connect sensors, controls, and displays in vehicles, providing both flexibility and reliability.

Medical Devices: These cables are often used in diagnostic equipment, portable devices, and other medical technologies where compact and flexible wiring is essential.

Industrial Equipment: FFC cables play a key role in controlling robotics, automation, and other industrial equipment that requires flexible connections.

Consumer Appliances: They are also used in household appliances like printers, washing machines, and microwaves for internal wiring connections.

The versatility of FFC cables makes them an ideal solution for numerous industries that require reliable, flexible, and space-saving connectivity.

What Are the Benefits of Flexible Flat Cable?

Flexible flat cables provide a number of key advantages that make them ideal for modern applications:

Space Efficiency: Due to their flat and thin design, FFC cables are perfect for applications where space is limited. They can be routed through tight spaces, making them ideal for compact devices.

Flexibility: These cables can be bent and twisted, allowing them to be routed around corners or other obstacles without damaging the conductors. This flexibility is particularly useful in dynamic environments where cables need to move.

Ease of Use: FFC cables are easy to install and require minimal space for connections. Their flat design allows for quick connections in a variety of environments.

Signal Integrity: Shielded FFC cables can provide excellent protection against electromagnetic interference, ensuring that your signals remain clear and strong.

Customization: FFC cables can be tailored to meet the specific needs of your application, with various pitches, lengths, and conductor counts available.

Overall, the benefits of flexible flat cables make them an excellent choice for many modern electronic and industrial applications, offering a balance of performance, flexibility, and compact design.

By focusing on the advantages and versatility of FFC cables, this blog provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of their types, uses, and benefits while maintaining a clear, approachable, and professional tone.

Tags:FFC Cable, fpc, FPC Cable
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How thick is 2 oz of copper on a PCB?

Friday, January 3rd, 2025

How thick is 2 oz of copper on a PCB? The thickness of 2 oz of copper on a PCB is about 70μm. Ounces are the common unit of PCB copper foil thickness. The thickness of 1 oz copper foil is generally about 35μm, so the thickness of 2 oz copper foil is about twice that of 1 oz, which is about 70μm.

How thick is the copper on a PCB board?

The copper layer thickness on a PCB board is usually between 1oz (35μm) and 4oz (140μm), while the copper layer thickness of a thick copper board can exceed this range, even reaching 10oz or more.

Copper layer thickness selection in different application scenarios

Signal transmission: For signal transmission, a copper layer thickness of 1oz is usually sufficient, because signal transmission mainly focuses on signal integrity and stability.

High current applications: For applications that need to withstand high currents, such as power supplies and industrial control equipment, 2oz or higher copper layer thicknesses are more suitable because they provide better conductivity and carrying capacity.

Special applications: In some special applications, such as motor controllers and battery management systems for new energy vehicles, the high performance of thick copper boards can meet their stringent requirements.

What is the standard thickness of the copper layer on a PCB?

The standard thickness of the copper layer on a PCB usually ranges from 1oz to 4oz. The specific choice depends on the application scenario and requirements. For signal transmission, a thickness of 1oz is usually sufficient; for occasions that require high current, 2oz or 3oz copper thickness is more suitable.

Application scenarios of copper layers of different thicknesses

1oz copper thickness: suitable for general signal transmission, such as ordinary double-sided boards.

2oz copper thickness: suitable for occasions that require larger currents, such as power boards.

3oz copper thickness: suitable for high current and high power applications, such as some special industrial equipment.

The choice of copper layer thickness is mainly based on the purpose of the circuit board, the signal voltage and the current. In addition, thicker copper layers can improve the electrical performance and load-bearing capacity of the circuit board, but it will also increase the manufacturing cost.

How to calculate PCB thickness?

The calculation of PCB thickness mainly depends on the thickness of the copper foil and the number of layers and structure of the PCB.

The thickness of the copper foil is usually expressed in ounces (OZ), and 1OZ copper foil is approximately equal to 35 microns (um) or 1.4 mils (mil). Common PCB copper foil thicknesses are 17.5um, 35um, 70um, etc.

The thickness of the multilayer board also needs to consider the lamination loss, which is usually related to the residual copper rate of the inner copper foil. The specific formula for calculating the lamination thickness is: Lamination thickness = PP theoretical thickness – lamination loss.

What is the difference between 1oz and 2oz copper PCB?

The main difference between 1oz and 2oz copper PCBs is the thickness of the copper foil and the applicable scenarios.

1. Copper foil thickness:

1oz copper thickness: 1oz copper thickness means that the weight of copper foil per square foot of board area is 1 ounce (about 35.3 grams), and the corresponding copper foil thickness is about 1.4 mils (0.035mm).

2oz copper thickness: 2oz copper thickness means that the weight of copper foil per square foot of board area is 2 ounces (about 70.6 grams), and the corresponding copper foil thickness is about 2.8 mils (0.071mm).

2. Applicable scenarios:

1oz copper thickness: Suitable for most common circuit board designs and applications because it is low cost and can meet general needs.

2oz copper thickness: Suitable for applications that require higher current carrying capacity, such as power electronic devices and high-power LEDs.

3. Cost:

1oz copper thickness: It is a common choice due to its low cost.

2oz copper thickness: Due to the thicker copper foil, the cost is relatively high.

How thick is the copper in a flex PCB?

The copper thickness in a flexible PCB is usually 1/3 ounce (OZ), 1/2OZ, 1OZ and 2OZ, and the corresponding physical thickness is 12μm, 18μm, 35μm and 70μm respectively.

Choosing the right copper thickness is a key link in the design of flexible boards, and factors such as the application requirements, cost and technical feasibility of the circuit board need to be considered. Thicker copper foil can provide better current conduction, reduce resistance and heat generation, and improve the stability and efficiency of the circuit, but at the same time it will increase the cost and processing difficulty.

What is the thickness tolerance of copper in PCB?

The thickness tolerance standard of copper in PCB mainly depends on the type and specification of the board used.

According to the GB/T 4722 standard, the common PCB board copper thickness standard tolerances are as follows:

0.5mm board thickness: coarse tolerance is ±0.07mm, fine tolerance is ±0.01mm.
0.7mm board thickness: coarse tolerance is ±0.15mm, fine tolerance is ±0.09mm.
0.8mm plate thickness: rough tolerance is ±0.15mm, fine tolerance is ±0.09mm.
1.0mm plate thickness: rough tolerance is ±0.17mm, fine tolerance is ±0.11mm.
1.2mm plate thickness: rough tolerance is ±0.18mm, fine tolerance is ±0.12mm.
1.5mm plate thickness: rough tolerance is ±0.20mm, fine tolerance is ±0.14mm.
1.6mm plate thickness: rough tolerance is ±0.20mm, fine tolerance is ±0.14mm.
2.0mm plate thickness: rough tolerance is ±0.23mm, fine tolerance is ±0.15mm.
2.4mm plate thickness: rough tolerance is ±0.25mm, fine tolerance is ±0.18mm.
3.2mm board thickness: the rough tolerance is ±0.30mm, and the fine tolerance is ±0.20mm.

In addition, according to the IPC-6011 standard, the inner layer copper thickness tolerance is usually 10%, and the outer layer copper thickness tolerance is usually +20%. For PCBs with a thickness of less than 1mm, the board thickness tolerance is ±10% of the board thickness; for PCBs with a thickness greater than or equal to 1mm, the board thickness tolerance is ±0.10%.

How to choose PCB copper layer thickness?

There are several key factors to consider when choosing the thickness of the PCB copper layer:

Current carrying capacity: Generally speaking, the thicker the copper, the better the electrical performance of the circuit board, and it can carry more current. For power lines or high-power applications that require large currents to pass through, using thicker copper foil can effectively reduce the temperature rise of the line and avoid performance degradation or safety issues caused by overheating.

Signal transmission quality: Thicker copper foil can reduce wire resistance, reduce attenuation and delay during signal transmission, and thus improve signal integrity. Especially in high-frequency circuit design, precise control of copper foil thickness is the key to achieving good impedance matching, reducing signal reflection and crosstalk.

Cost considerations: The thicker the copper, the higher the cost of the circuit board. Because thicker copper foil will increase material costs and processing difficulty, leading to an increase in overall costs.

Application scenarios Ordinary double-sided boards usually use 1oz copper thickness, while the inner layer of multi-layer boards is generally 1/2oz or 1/3oz, and the outer layer is 1oz or 1/2oz1. For circuits that require high current, 2oz or 3oz copper thickness may be used.

In short, the PCB copper thickness varies greatly. 0.5 ounce copper foil is low in cost and easy to process, suitable for simple and small products; 1 ounce is highly versatile and suitable for general electronic products; 2 ounces of copper is about 70μm thick, can carry more current, and has relatively good heat dissipation performance, but it is costly and difficult to process, and is often used in industrial equipment with extremely high power requirements. The copper thickness should be selected according to the actual situation of product function, cost, etc. to ensure that it is easy to use and economical.

Tags:How thick is 2 oz of copper on a PCB, PCB copper thickness, pcb thickness
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How to clean a pcb? How to clean circuit board corrosion?

Thursday, January 2nd, 2025

How to clean a pcb?First, prepare a soft brush, high-concentration isopropyl alcohol or special cleaning agent, and tweezers, and take power-off and anti-static measures. Then use a soft brush dipped in cleaning agent to brush, soak the stains in the cleaning agent first and then brush, use a cotton swab to clean the gaps and blow them clean again. After cleaning, use a low-temperature hot air blower to blow dry from a distance, and finally check whether the appearance is damaged and perform functional tests.

How do you clean up PCBs?

PCB is a key component of electronic equipment. Cleaning PCB helps ensure its normal operation and extend its service life. Here are some common cleaning methods and precautions:

How to clean a pcb? How to clean circuit board corrosion?

1. Eraser cleaning method:

Tools: Choose a soft eraser.

Operation: Gently press the eraser on the part that needs to be cleaned, such as the gold finger, and wipe back and forth along its arrangement direction until the surface is restored to brightness. This method is simple and effective, and will not damage the gold-plated layer on the surface of the gold finger.

2. Alcohol wiping method:

Tools: medical alcohol (or anhydrous ethanol), soft cloth or cotton wool.

Operation: Pour an appropriate amount of alcohol on a soft cloth or cotton wool, and then gently wipe the surface of the PCB to ensure that the alcohol is evenly covered. After wiping, wait for the alcohol to evaporate naturally.

3. Special detergent method:

Tools: Goldfinger special detergent, board washing water, hydrogen peroxide, etc., as well as cleaning cloth, cotton swabs or soft brushes.

Operation: Dilute the detergent to an appropriate concentration according to the instructions for use, then dip the detergent with a soft cloth, cotton swab or soft brush, and gently wipe the surface of the PCB. After wiping, rinse thoroughly with clean water, then wipe dry with a clean cloth or dry naturally.

4. Ultrasonic cleaning method:

Equipment: Ultrasonic cleaning machine.

Operation: First calculate and configure the dilution ratio of the cleaning solution, add water to the cleaning machine tank, and then add the cleaning solution. Preheat the solution to the appropriate temperature according to the detergent recommendation. Then put in the PCB and set the cleaning time, usually a few minutes. After cleaning, remove the PCB, rinse and dry thoroughly.

5. High-pressure spray cleaning and brushing:

Equipment: High-pressure spray cleaning machine or soft brush.

Operation: High-pressure spray cleaning is to spray the cleaning liquid onto the PCB surface at a high pressure through a high-pressure pump, and use the impact of the water flow to wash away the contaminants. Brushing is to use a soft brush to dip the cleaning liquid and manually or automatically brush the PCB surface.

When cleaning the PCB, you should choose the appropriate cleaning method and tools according to the actual situation, and pay attention to the safety and effectiveness during the operation. At the same time, the cleanliness of the PCB should be carefully checked after cleaning to ensure that there are no residues and stains that affect the performance and stability of the circuit board.

Can you use WD-40 to clean a circuit board?

You can use WD-40 to clean the circuit board, but you need to be careful. WD-40 can effectively remove oil, dust, oxides and some minor corrosion on the circuit board, and can form a thin protective film on the surface of the circuit board to prevent the circuit board from getting wet.

In addition, WD-40 precision electrical cleaner is suitable for various electronic instrument circuit boards. It has the characteristics of fast cleaning and no residue. It is suitable for plastic, rubber and metal materials, safe and non-corrosive.

Advantages and disadvantages of using WD-40 to clean circuit boards

Advantages:

Good cleaning effect: WD-40 can effectively remove various dirt on circuit boards, especially dirt in narrow gaps and between components.

Moisture-proof effect: Form a protective film on the surface of the circuit board to prevent moisture, suitable for circuit boards in humid environments or long-term storage.

Quick drying and no residue: WD-40 precision electrical cleaner evaporates quickly without leaving any residue.

Disadvantages:

Need to dry thoroughly: After cleaning, you must ensure that the circuit board is completely dry, otherwise it may cause problems such as short circuits.

Avoid sensitive components: Avoid WD-40 directly spraying on sensitive components during cleaning, such as high-precision sensors, chip pins, etc.

What is the best solvent to clean PCB?

The best solvent for cleaning PCBs depends on the specific cleaning needs and environmental requirements.

Common solvents and their advantages and disadvantages

Organic solvents: such as acetone, ethanol or isopropyl alcohol. These solvents have strong dissolving power and can effectively remove dirt and grease on the surface of PCB. The advantages are simple operation, easy to obtain solvents, and suitable for most conventional cleaning needs.

Chlorinated solvents: For example, the washing water made by mixing chlorinated solvents with other solvents can dissolve rosin and remove flux quickly, and is easy to volatilize after cleaning, but it is often easy to turn white and sticky, and it is a flammable solvent. Environmental regulations are becoming increasingly stringent, and its use has been reduced.

Hydrocarbon solvents: composed of two elements, carbon and hydrogen, are mainly used to clean various oils, greases, and soldering resins. Hydrocarbon cleaning agents can be used in various ways, but they are flammable and explosive, so safety should be paid attention to when using them.

Water-based washing water: With water as the solute carrier, it is environmentally friendly, safe, non-toxic, and has no irritating gas volatilization. It is suitable for SMT steel mesh, fixtures, wave soldering equipment, etc., with good cleaning effect and environmental protection.

What is a good substitute for PCB cleaner?

Substitutes for PCB cleaners include alcohol, detergent, white vinegar and lemon juice. These alternatives perform well in cleaning electronic components and have less impact on the human body and the environment.

Alcohol: Alcohol is a relatively environmentally friendly cleaning agent that can effectively remove oil and dirt from the surface of PCBs and electronic components. Alcohol is not only affordable and easily available, but also evaporates quickly and does not leave water stains after use.

Dishwashing liquid: Dishwashing liquid does not contain any harmful substances and is harmless to the human body and the environment. It is also suitable for cleaning oil and dirt on the surface of PCB boards and electronic components, and is inexpensive.

White vinegar: White vinegar is an environmentally friendly and non-toxic natural cleaning agent that can effectively remove stains and sediments from the surface of electronic components. White vinegar is readily available in the home and is easy to use.

Lemon juice: Lemon juice contains acidic ingredients that can remove stains and sediments from the surface of electronic components. It is a natural cleaning agent that is non-toxic, environmentally friendly and has a natural aroma.

What breaks down PCBs?

When cleaning PCBs, the following situations may cause them to break down:

Chemical corrosion: Using a cleaning agent containing highly corrosive substances (such as concentrated acids, strong alkalis, and halogenated solvents) will react with the PCB substrate material and destroy its structure; the moisture or chemical components in the cleaning agent residue may also cause oxidation corrosion of the metal circuit, accelerating the aging and decomposition of the PCB.

Physical damage: Brushes with hard bristles, sharp tools, or excessive force can scratch the circuit, damage the protective layer, or even cut the circuit, and may also cause components to loosen and fall off; high temperatures during drying can soften and deform the substrate material, affecting the quality of the solder joints and further damaging the PCB.

Electrostatic discharge: If anti-static measures are not taken during cleaning, static electricity will accumulate and then discharge, which may damage static-sensitive components, cause damage to the internal circuit structure, affect the PCB function, and even cause further damage such as short circuits.

Is 70% isopropyl alcohol safe for electronics?

70% isopropyl alcohol is generally safe for electronic products. It has good cleaning properties, can dissolve common stains such as oil, and has moderate volatility, which means it can evaporate quickly after cleaning. But there are risks. The 30% water it contains may harm components that are sensitive to humidity, causing short circuits, corrosion, or performance degradation.

Of course, as long as you operate carefully, avoid liquid from entering the components, and ensure complete drying, it is generally safe, but higher purity isopropyl alcohol or special cleaning agents may be required for precision or humidity-sensitive electronic products.

How to clean circuit board corrosion?

There are several ways to clean circuit board corrosion:

Use compressed air: Compressed air is a common tool for electronic cleaning. It can remove dust and impurities by releasing short pulses into the vents.

Use baking soda: Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is an alkaline substance that can effectively neutralize the acid in the corrosive solution and help remove corrosion on the surface of the PCB.

Use distilled water: Distilled water has high purity and can be used to clean circuit boards, but you need to be careful to avoid using ordinary tap water because the impurities in it may aggravate corrosion.

Use special cleaning agents: such as board washing water, alcohol, etc. These cleaning agents can effectively remove stains and flux residues on the circuit board.

Ultrasonic cleaning technology: Use ultrasonic vibration to improve the cleaning effect, suitable for the cleaning needs of high-end precision products.

Dry ice cleaning method: This is an environmentally friendly cleaning technology that removes stains by spraying dry ice particles, suitable for precision products that are sensitive to shaking.

Methods to prevent circuit board corrosion include:

Keep it dry: Avoid circuit boards in a humid environment for a long time. Keeping the circuit board dry is the key to preventing corrosion.

Clean flux residues in time: Clean flux residues in time after welding to prevent them from reacting with PCBs and causing corrosion.

In short, cleaning PCBs is an indispensable part of electronic equipment maintenance. By choosing appropriate cleaning methods and tools, pollutants on the PCB surface can be effectively removed, and the stability and service life of the equipment can be improved. At the same time, precautions and effect inspections during the cleaning process are also very important.

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Why is copper used in PCBs?

Thursday, January 2nd, 2025

Why is copper used in PCBs? Because of its strong electrical conductivity, it can ensure efficient signal transmission; excellent thermal conductivity, can quickly dissipate heat; stable chemical properties, can resist corrosion to ensure reliable circuits; good processability, meet the needs of PCB miniaturization; and good cost-effectiveness and compatibility, it is an ideal choice for PCB manufacturing.

What material is commonly used for PCBs?

The materials commonly used for PCBs include FR-4, metal substrates, ceramic substrates, polymer materials, etc. These materials have their own characteristics and are suitable for different application scenarios.

1. FR-4

FR-4 is a glass fiber reinforced plastic and is the most commonly used substrate in the PCB manufacturing process. It has excellent electrical properties, mechanical properties, thermal properties and weather resistance, and is widely used in home appliances, office electronic equipment, automotive electronics, industrial controllers and other fields.

2. Metal substrate

A metal substrate is a PCB board with a metal film plated on the substrate. Commonly used metals include aluminum, copper, iron, nickel, stainless steel, etc. It has excellent heat dissipation and shock resistance, and is suitable for high-power electronic equipment, LED lighting, automotive electronics and other fields. But metal substrates are expensive and have high manufacturing costs.

3. Ceramic substrates

Ceramic substrates are very hard, high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials, usually made of high-purity alumina or silicon nitride. They are suitable for high-frequency, high-power and high-precision electronic components, and are mainly used in high-end fields such as military industry, aerospace, and medical treatment.

4. Polymer materials

Polymer materials include polyimide, acrylic, polyamide and epoxy resin, which have good mechanical properties, dimensional stability and thermal stability, and are suitable for high-density, high-speed and high-precision circuit boards. They are mainly used in semiconductor production equipment, optical instruments, aerospace, military industry and other fields.

What is the core material of a PCB?

The core material of a PCB is copper clad laminate (CCL). Copper clad laminate plays a vital role in PCB manufacturing. It not only provides the functions of conductivity, insulation and support, but also directly determines the performance of PCB.

The manufacturing process of copper clad laminate includes impregnating electronic fiberglass cloth or other reinforcing materials with resin, then covering one or both sides with copper foil, and undergoing hot pressing. This material not only has the functions of conducting, insulating and supporting, but also serves as the core substrate of PCB.

In addition, other core materials of PCB include copper foil, prepreg, dry film and ink, etc. These materials together determine the quality and performance of the final product.

What is the copper plate on PCB?

The copper clad laminate (CCL) on PCB is a composite material consisting of a non-conductive substrate (such as FR4) and one or more layers of copper foil. The copper foil is usually covered on one or both sides of the substrate for conductive connection.

Copper clad laminate plays a vital role in PCB manufacturing. It is the core material for making PCBs and has four major functions: conducting, insulating, supporting and signal transmission.

Copper clad laminate not only carries the connection between electronic components, but also ensures the normal operation of electronic equipment, and in the production of multilayer boards, it also plays the role of core board.

The manufacturing process of copper clad laminate mainly includes impregnating the reinforcing material with a resin binder, then covering the copper foil on one or both sides, and finally hot pressing. It occupies an important position in PCB manufacturing, and direct materials account for about 60% of the total cost of PCB. It has a wide range of applications and is commonly found in electronic products such as computers, computers, and mobile communications.

Why is copper used in a PCB?

The main reasons for using copper in PCBs include the following:

Conductive properties: Copper is an excellent conductive material that can ensure that current flows smoothly on the PCB to meet the working requirements of electronic equipment.

Heat dissipation: The high thermal conductivity of copper can effectively disperse heat to a larger area, reduce local hot spots, and improve overall heat dissipation efficiency.

Mechanical stability: Copper plating helps maintain the uniformity of lamination during PCB manufacturing and reduce deformation caused by uneven materials, thereby improving the mechanical stability of the finished product.

Signal integrity: Copper plating can provide a low-impedance return path, reduce signal loss and interference, especially in high-frequency digital signal transmission, and improve the stability and reliability of signal transmission.

Electromagnetic shielding: Large areas of ground or power copper plating can serve as a natural electromagnetic shielding layer to reduce external interference, while suppressing noise propagation within the circuit to meet EMC requirements.

Reduce costs: Although the cost of copper is relatively high, its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity makes the circuit design more concise, reduces the number and complexity of components, and thus reduces the overall cost to a certain extent.

What is the purpose of copper traces on a PCB?

Copper traces on a PCB have a variety of uses, mainly including conduction, heat dissipation, mechanical support and signal transmission.

Conductivity: Copper traces are the most important conductive material in PCBs, used to connect various components in the circuit, such as integrated circuits, resistors, capacitors, etc., to ensure smooth transmission of current.

Heat dissipation: Copper has good thermal conductivity. By laying copper traces near the heat source, heat can be effectively dispersed, local overheating can be prevented, and the overall heat dissipation efficiency of the PCB can be improved.

Mechanical support: Copper traces play a supporting role in the PCB manufacturing process, helping to maintain the uniformity of lamination and reduce deformation, thereby improving the structural stability of the PCB.

Signal transmission: In high-frequency circuits, copper traces provide a complete return path for high-frequency signals, reduce signal interference, and improve the stability and reliability of signal transmission.

How thick is 1 oz copper PCB?

The thickness of 1 oz copper PCB is about 1.4 mils, or 0.035 mm.

Key information is as follows:

Relationship between ounces and thickness: In PCB manufacturing, the thickness of copper is usually expressed in ounces. 1 ounce of copper means that the weight of copper is 1 ounce in an area of 1 square foot.

Unit conversion: After conversion, the thickness of 1 oz copper is about 1.4 mils, and 1 mil is equal to 0.001 inches, which is further converted to millimeters, that is, 0.035 mm.

What is the difference between 1 oz and 2 oz copper?

The main difference between 1 oz and 2 oz copper is their thickness and weight.

1. Thickness difference:

1 oz copper: The thickness of 1 oz copper is about 0.0356 mm or 1.35 mils.

2 oz copper: The thickness of 2 oz copper is about 0.0712 mm or 2.72 mils.

2. Weight difference:

1 ounce copper: 1 ounce is approximately equal to 28.35 grams (g).

2 ounces copper: 2 ounces is approximately equal to 56.7 grams (g), which is twice that of 1 ounce copper.

3. Application scenarios:

1 ounce copper: Usually used for general circuit board design, suitable for most electronic devices.

2 ounces copper: Suitable for applications that require higher current carrying capacity or higher reliability, such as servers, industrial control equipment, etc.

4. Cost difference:

Increased thickness: Generally, increased copper thickness leads to higher costs because more materials and more complex manufacturing processes are required.

On the whole, the choice of copper in PCB is inevitable. With its excellent performance, it ensures stable signal transmission, anti-interference, efficient heat dissipation, circuit stability, high current carrying and enhanced PCB mechanical strength of electronic equipment, thereby ensuring reliable operation of the equipment.

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What is pcb board assembly? PCB assembly manufacturer

Thursday, January 2nd, 2025

What is pcb board assembly? PCB board assembly is the process of installing various electronic components (such as resistors, capacitors, chips, etc.) on the PCB and achieving electrical connections through welding and other methods to build a circuit board that can achieve specific electronic functions. This process includes component preparation, PCB board pretreatment, welding and post-assembly inspection.

What is the assembly of a PCB?

What is pcb board assembly? PCB assembly manufacturer

PCB assembly is the process of installing and electrically connecting various electronic components to a printed circuit board according to design requirements. It includes component preparation (purchase inspection, classified storage), PCB preparation (inspection, cleaning), welding (plug-in welding and patch welding) and post-assembly inspection (appearance and electrical performance inspection). Its quality is crucial to the performance and reliability of electronic products and is widely used in consumer electronics, industrial control, communications, automotive electronics and other fields.

How do you assemble a PCB board?

Component preparation: Purchase electronic components according to design documents and check whether the component specifications, models and appearance are qualified. After that, the qualified components are classified and stored by type, packaging form, etc.

PCB preparation: Check the appearance of the PCB board for scratches, short circuits and other defects, and wipe it with a special cleaner or alcohol to ensure that the surface is free of oil and dust, and that the pads are flat and free of oxidation.

Soldering process: Insert the component pins into the corresponding holes of the PCB, use an electric soldering iron to melt the solder to fill the pins and pads to form solder joints, and pay attention to controlling the temperature and time.

SMT soldering: Print solder paste on the PCB pads, place the components with a SMT machine, and then heat them according to the temperature curve through a reflow oven to melt the solder paste to form solder joints.

Post-assembly inspection: Perform an appearance inspection to check the solder joints and component installation. Then perform an electrical performance test, use professional equipment to check whether the function is normal, and troubleshoot and repair the faults.

What is the function of PCB assembly?

The main functions of PCB assembly include the following aspects:

Electrical connection: The copper wire tracks on the PCB board can connect various electronic components (such as resistors, capacitors, and integrated circuits) to form a complete circuit system. This efficient connection method simplifies circuit design and improves circuit reliability.

Component support: PCB provides stable support for components. Through welding and other methods, components can be firmly mounted on PCB, which improves the structural integrity and portability of the equipment.

Circuit protection: The insulating material of PCB can effectively isolate electromagnetic interference and protect the circuit from the external environment (such as moisture, dust, etc.), thereby extending the service life of electronic equipment, especially in harsh industrial environments.

Heat dissipation function: In high-performance, high-power electronic equipment, the metal layer (such as copper foil) on the PCB can quickly absorb and disperse the heat generated when the circuit is working, preventing components from being damaged by overheating. By optimizing the design, such as increasing the thickness and layout of the copper foil, the heat dissipation efficiency can be further improved.

Space optimization and compact structure: The design of the PCB is not only related to the functional realization of the circuit, but also affects the production cost, production efficiency and subsequent maintenance and replacement. Optimizing the use of space makes the internal structure of electronic equipment more compact and beautiful.

What is the standard for PCB assembly?

The standardization of PCB assembly is one of the important measures to ensure product quality and reliability. The following are the main standards for PCB assembly:

PCB board size and positioning: The size and positioning of the PCB board should meet the design requirements to ensure accurate alignment and fixation during the assembly process.

Component welding quality: The quality of the welding point is the key. The welding point should be smooth, firm, and burr-free to avoid poor welding, cold welding and other undesirable phenomena.

Component arrangement and layout: The arrangement and layout of the components should meet the design requirements to ensure the correct spacing and position between the components to avoid mutual interference.

Solder point quality: The solder joint should be firm, smooth, and burr-free to ensure the normal operation of the circuit.

Appearance quality: The surface of the PCB board should be clean, flat, and scratch-free, and the components should be arranged neatly and beautifully.

Electrical performance: Ensure that the electrical performance of the PCB after assembly meets the design requirements.

Weather resistance: PCB assembly should have good weather resistance and be able to work stably under different environmental conditions.

Reliability: The durability and reliability of the components should be considered during the assembly process to ensure stability in long-term use.

In addition, the specific assembly standards may vary depending on different application scenarios and product types. During the assembly process, relevant standards and requirements should be followed to ensure the quality and stability of the assembly.

What files are needed for PCB assembly?

The following main files are needed in the PCB assembly process:

Gerber file: This is the most critical file in PCB production, which contains the geometric information of each layer of the circuit board, such as copper lines, pads, solder mask and silk screen layers. Gerber files are usually generated by CAD software and saved in a standard format.

Drill file (.drl or .xin): This file provides the location and size information of all the drill holes on the circuit board, ensuring that the drill holes are accurately aligned with the circuit pattern.

Bill of Materials (BOM): The BOM lists all the materials and components that make up the circuit board, including their quantity, specifications and supplier information.

Coordinate files: These files provide the coordinate and orientation information of each component on the circuit board, which is essential for the automated assembly process.

Assembly drawings: If the PCB needs to be assembled with other electronic components, it is necessary to provide assembly drawings or assembly instructions, which detail how the components are installed on the circuit board.

Test requirements: If the manufacturer is required to perform specific tests, such as functional tests or electrical performance tests, it is necessary to provide test requirements or test instructions files.

Design Rule Check File (DRC): Used to verify whether the PCB design meets the manufacturing requirements and standards, helping to find and correct potential problems during the design stage.

3D Model (STEP File): Used to generate a 3D model of the circuit board to help simulate and verify during the production process.

Structure Drawing (DXF format): Used to make a CAD structure drawing of the circuit board to ensure accuracy during the manufacturing process.

When providing these files, make sure they are up-to-date, accurate, and match the production requirements. It is also very important to maintain communication with the manufacturer to ensure that they have a clear understanding of the design requirements and can produce as expected.

What are the materials used in PCB assembly?

PCB assembly mainly uses the following materials:

1. Electronic components

Passive components: including resistors (used to control current and voltage, with a variety of resistance values, powers and packaging forms), capacitors (used to store charge and filter, there are ceramic, electrolytic, tantalum capacitors and other types, with different capacities and withstand voltage values), inductors (used to store magnetic field energy, with winding and stacked inductors, and the unit of inductance is Henry).

Active components: such as integrated circuits (including various functional circuits, with DIP, SOP, BGA and other packaging forms), transistors (used for amplification and switching functions, with BJT and FET and other types, with different parameters).

2. Welding materials

Solder wire: The main component is tin-lead or lead-free alloy, with different diameters, lead-containing solder wire has a lower melting point, lead-free solder wire has a higher melting point, and often contains flux inside.

Solder paste: used for SMT welding, it is a mixture of solder powder and flux, and its viscosity and metal content affect the quality of printing and welding.

Flux: used to remove metal surface oxides and reduce solder surface tension, available in liquid, paste and other forms, and ingredients include organic acids, rosin, etc.

3. PCB substrate materials

FR-4: Commonly used epoxy glass fiber cloth laminate, with good insulation, mechanical strength and thermal stability, and different thicknesses.

Ceramic substrate: excellent thermal conductivity and high-frequency performance, such as aluminum nitride and alumina ceramic substrates, suitable for high-power and high-frequency devices.

Flexible PCB substrate: used for bendable or foldable devices, the material is soft, and polyimide is often used as an insulating layer.

4. Other auxiliary materials

Cleaning agent: used to clean impurities on PCB boards, including alcohol and special electronic cleaning agents.

Thermal conductive materials: such as thermal grease and thermal conductive tape, used for heat dissipation of high-power components.

How is a PCB board structured?

The basic structure of a PCB board includes multiple layers, each of which has its specific functions and effects.

PCB boards are mainly composed of the following layers:

Top Layer: This is the top layer of the PCB board, which is usually filled with electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, and chips. The top layer not only carries these components, but also is responsible for their connection and wiring to ensure that current and signals can be accurately transmitted.

Bottom Layer: Located at the bottom of the PCB board, it is mainly responsible for the laying of ground wires and the connection of auxiliary signal lines. The bottom layer provides a solid support for the circuit board to ensure the stability and safety of the circuit.

Inner Layer: Located between the top layer and the bottom layer, it is composed of multiple layers of copper foil stacked to form a complex circuit network. The inner layer is used to conduct signals and power supply, reduce signal interference, and ensure the clarity and accuracy of the signal.

Solder Mask Layer: This is a special layer, the main function of which is to protect the pads on the circuit board, prevent the solder from splashing into other areas during the soldering process, and ensure the soldering quality and stability of the circuit.

What is the difference between PCB and PCB assembly?

The main difference between PCB and PCBA lies in their status and function.

1. Definition and function

PCB: PCB is the cornerstone of electronic devices, providing physical support and electrical connection for electronic components. It consists of a conductive copper layer and an insulating layer, and is usually manufactured by methods such as chemical etching. The PCB itself does not contain any electronic components, but is just an empty circuit board.

PCBA: Printed circuit board assembly refers to the installation of electronic components on the PCB to form a complete circuit. PCBA is functional and can be directly installed in the final product for use.

2. Cost and complexity

PCB: Since there are no electronic components, the manufacturing process is relatively simple and the cost is low.

PCBA: Due to the need to install and test electronic components, the manufacturing process is more complicated and the cost is higher. PCBA is more complex and more expensive than PCB.

3. Application

PCB: Mainly used to manufacture PCBA, as a support and connection frame for electronic components.

PCBA: After assembly, PCBA is used in various electronic devices such as computers, smartphones, home appliances, etc.

In summary, PCB board assembly is an interlocking, delicate and complex process. From the careful selection of component preparation, to the pretreatment of PCB boards, and the final strict control, each step should not be underestimated. It organically integrates various electronic components with PCB boards to become PCBA.

Tags:pcb board assembly, PCBA, SMT
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What temp does pc board solder melt? Desoldering temperature

Tuesday, December 31st, 2024

What temp does pc board solder melt? Solder melting points vary depending on the type. Traditional tin-lead solder, the common 63/37 tin-lead alloy melts at about 183°C. Today’s widely used lead-free solder, for example, tin-silver-copper alloy, melts at about 217°C – 227°C. When soldering SMD components, the temperature is set at around 240°C – 260°C to ensure that the tin-silver-copper solder is fully melted.

What temperature do PCBs melt?

The melting point of the PCB substrate itself is usually between 130°C and 140°C. This means that above this temperature range, the FR-4 substrate may begin to soften and melt.

What temp does pc board solder melt? Desoldering temperature

In electronics manufacturing, components on PCB substrates are usually connected by soldering technology. The solder used in the soldering process has a lower melting point, generally between 183°C and 215°C. This ensures that during the soldering process, the solder can melt and form a reliable connection with the PCB substrate and components.

What is the best solder for circuit boards?

The best solder selection for circuit boards depends on the specific application requirements and environmental conditions.

Tin-lead solder wire: Tin-lead solder wire is one of the most commonly used solders in circuit board soldering. It is usually made of 63/37 tin-lead alloy, which has the advantages of low melting point, good fluidity and easy operation.

Lead-free solder wire: With the improvement of environmental awareness, lead-free solder wire has gradually become the mainstream. Lead-free solder wire is mainly composed of tin, silver, copper and other elements, and has the characteristics of high melting point, high hardness and wear resistance.

Silver paste: Silver paste is a packaging material widely used in high-frequency circuits, microwave circuits, power devices and printed circuit boards. It is applied to the surface of the circuit board by spraying or printing, and is baked and cured at high temperature.

What is the melting point of circuit board solder?

The melting point of circuit board solder is usually between 183℃ and 214℃. Commonly used solder is tin-copper alloy, which has good plasticity, conductivity and corrosion resistance, making it the most commonly used soldering material. In addition, the melting point of lead solder is 183℃, while the melting point of lead-free solder is 217℃.

In the actual soldering process, the soldering temperature is usually about 50℃ higher than the melting point of the solder, so the actual soldering temperature is generally between 220℃ and 250℃.

For manual soldering, the soldering temperature is generally between 300℃ and 350℃ to ensure that the solder wire melts quickly and ensures good wettability. For wave soldering, the optimal temperature is 280℃, and the tin furnace temperature can be set to 288±5℃.

What temperature does 50/50 solder melt at?

The melting temperature range of 50/50 solder is 190℃ to 216℃. This solder is an alloy composed of 50% tin and 50% lead, and its melting temperature is approximately in this range.

In addition, the melting point of solder varies depending on the composition. For example, the melting points of lead solder wire are as follows:

63/37 melting point is 183℃
60/40 melting point is 185℃ to 190℃
55/45 melting point is 187℃ to 202℃
50/50 melting point is 190℃ to 216℃
45/55 melting point is 192℃ to 227℃
40/60 melting point is 194℃ to 238℃
35/65 melting point is 198℃ to 247℃
30/70 melting point is 202℃ to 256℃.

Can you burn a PCB while soldering?

The PCB may be burned during soldering, which mainly depends on the control of soldering methods and parameters.

The main reasons for burning PCB during laser welding include:

Excessive laser power: Laser power is a key factor in determining the heat input of welding. If the power is set too high, the laser energy will be concentrated in the solder joint in a short time, and the heat generated will far exceed the heat required for the solder to melt, causing PCB burns.

Improper pulse width and frequency: The laser pulse width and frequency will also affect the welding effect. A pulse width that is too long or a frequency that is too high will cause excessive heat accumulation, and the heat transferred to the PCB board will increase, which may cause burns.

Poor thermal performance of materials: PCB materials have low thermal conductivity or small specific heat capacity, and the heat conduction speed inside the material is slow, which is easy to concentrate near the solder joint, causing local overheating and burns.

Surface treatment and quality problems: When a PCB board with oil, oxide layer or impurities on the surface is irradiated by laser, the contaminants will absorb part of the laser energy, generate additional heat, and increase the risk of burns.

The reasons for burning PCBs during traditional welding include:

Excessive welding temperature and excessive welding time: The temperature generated during welding is indeed very high, but if the welding temperature is too high or the welding time is too long, it may cause damage to the components on the circuit board or thermal cracks in the circuit board itself.

Measures to avoid burning PCB

Choose appropriate welding tools and methods: Choose welding tools that suit your needs and control welding temperature and time. For laser welding, reasonably set the laser power, pulse width and frequency to ensure that the heat input is within a safe range.

Control welding temperature and time: Set the appropriate welding temperature according to the material of the circuit board and the heat resistance of the components, and try to shorten the welding time.

Optimize welding skills: Master welding skills to avoid the problems of thermal expansion deformation of copper foil and separation of copper foil from the substrate caused by high-energy local rapid heating.

Check the quality of PCB boards: Ensure that the surface treatment of PCB boards is clean, without oil, oxide layer or impurities, and avoid contaminants absorbing laser energy to generate additional heat.

What temperature does PCB solder reflow at?

The temperature range of PCB solder during reflow soldering is usually 220℃ to 249℃. During the reflow soldering process, the solder paste needs to undergo processes such as solvent volatilization, flux removal of oxides on the surface of the weldment, solder paste melting, reflow, and solder paste cooling and solidification. The specific temperature zones are as follows:

Preheating zone: The temperature gradually rises from room temperature to about 150℃. At this stage, the solvent and gas in the solder paste begin to evaporate, the flux wets the pads and component pins, and the softened solder paste covers the pads, isolating oxygen and preparing for the next welding.

Constant temperature zone: The temperature is between 150℃ and 200℃, ensuring that the PCB and components are fully preheated to avoid damage to the PCB and components due to a sudden temperature rise.

Reflow zone: The temperature rises rapidly to 220℃, up to 249℃. In this area, the solder paste reaches a molten state, the liquid solder wets and diffuses, and forms solder joints between the pads, component ends and pins.

Cooling zone: The solder joints gradually solidify, completing the entire reflow process.

Temperature control during reflow is extremely important because it directly affects the welding quality and product reliability. Too high or too low temperature may cause welding defects such as solder balls, cold soldering, bridging and other problems.

What temperature should pcb be desoldered at?

The temperature range of PCB during desoldering is generally between 250℃ and 350℃. The specific temperature should be adjusted according to the size and type of components on the circuit board. For smaller components and thin lines, the temperature should be set at around 250℃; for larger components and thicker solder joints, the temperature can be set at around 350℃.

Specific temperature requirements for different welding methods

Manual welding: usually set between 300℃ and 350℃. For precision components such as IC and SMD, it is recommended to control between 260℃ and 300℃; for welding of large-area heat sinks or power lines, the temperature may need to be increased to around 380℃.

Wave soldering: The temperature of the preheating zone is usually 90℃ to 140℃, and the temperature of the solder tank is 240℃ to 260℃.

Reflow soldering: The temperature of the preheating zone is 150℃ to 200℃, the wetting zone is maintained at 150℃ to 200℃, the temperature of the reflow zone is 230℃ to 260℃, and the temperature of the cooling zone drops rapidly to below 100℃.

Laser welding: The local temperature is usually 250℃ to 300℃, and the exposure time is usually 0.1 to 2 seconds.

In short, the melting point of printed circuit board solder varies depending on the type and application scenario. Among traditional tin-lead solders, the melting point of 63/37 tin-lead alloy is about 183℃, which was widely used in PCB welding. With the demand for environmental protection, lead-free solder has emerged, and the melting point of common tin-silver-copper alloy is 217℃ – 227℃.

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Ceramic Base PCB, Reliable Ceramic Base PCB Manufacturer

Tuesday, December 31st, 2024

Ceramic base PCB is gaining popularity due to their exceptional performance in challenging environments. As a leading ceramic base PCB manufacturer, Best Technology takes pride in offering top-quality solutions for a wide range of applications. This blog explores ceramic base PCBs, their benefits, applications, types, materials, design considerations, and why Best Technology stands out as the ideal partner for your PCB needs.

What Is Ceramic Base PCB?

A ceramic base PCB uses ceramic materials as its substrate instead of traditional options like FR4. These PCBs are renowned for their excellent thermal conductivity, electrical insulation, and mechanical stability. Designed for high-performance applications, they excel in environments requiring durability and precision.

Ceramic base PCB is often chosen for industries like aerospace, automotive, and medical devices, where reliability and efficiency are paramount. Its unique properties make them indispensable for cutting-edge technologies.

What Are The Benefits of Ceramic Base PCB?

Ceramic base PCBs offer several advantages that set them apart from conventional options. Their high thermal conductivity ensures efficient heat dissipation, making them ideal for power-intensive devices. Their low coefficient of thermal expansion minimizes the risk of mechanical stress, ensuring long-lasting performance.

These PCBs are also highly resistant to chemical and environmental damage. Their excellent electrical insulation supports stable and reliable operations, even under challenging conditions. Combined with their compact size and lightweight nature, ceramic base PCBs are a top choice for innovative and efficient electronic designs.

What Are The Applications of Ceramic Base PCBs?

Ceramic base PCBs find applications across various industries due to their superior properties. In the automotive sector, they are used in engine control systems and LED lighting. Aerospace applications include navigation systems and avionics, where reliability is critical.

In the medical field, ceramic base PCBs are essential for diagnostic devices, imaging systems, and surgical instruments. They are also widely employed in telecommunications for RF and microwave components. Consumer electronics, including LED displays and sensors, further benefit from their durability and efficiency.

What Are The Different Types of Ceramic Base PCB?

Ceramic base PCBs are available in several types, each designed to meet specific requirements:

Aluminum Nitride (AlN) PCBs: Known for high thermal conductivity and excellent electrical insulation.

Alumina (Al2O3) PCBs: Cost-effective and suitable for a wide range of applications.

Beryllium Oxide (BeO) PCBs: Exceptional thermal performance, though less commonly used due to safety concerns.

Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) PCBs: High strength and thermal shock resistance, ideal for demanding environments.

Each type offers unique features to suit different industries and applications.

Why Turn To Best Technology For Ceramic Base PCB?

Best Technology is a trusted name in the PCB manufacturing industry, offering unmatched expertise in ceramic base PCBs. We cater to diverse customer needs with our wide product range, including various types of ceramic PCBs. Whether you require small quantities or bulk orders, our flexible production capabilities ensure your demands are met efficiently.

Our focus on quality is unwavering. Every product undergoes stringent testing to meet the highest standards. We prioritize fast delivery, ensuring your projects stay on schedule. With our customization services, you can rely on us for tailored solutions that fit your specific requirements. Our commitment to exceptional service makes us the preferred choice for customers worldwide.

What Is the Material of Ceramic Base PCB?

The materials used in ceramic base PCBs are critical to their performance. Common materials include:

Aluminum Nitride (AlN): Offers outstanding thermal conductivity and is ideal for high-power applications.

Alumina (Al2O3): Provides a balance of performance and cost-effectiveness, making it widely popular.

Beryllium Oxide (BeO): Delivers superior thermal performance but requires careful handling.

Silicon Nitride (Si3N4): Combines strength, thermal resistance, and reliability.

These materials are chosen based on application requirements, ensuring optimal performance and durability.

How To Design Ceramic Base PCB?

Designing ceramic base PCBs requires careful consideration of material properties, thermal management, and circuit layout. The substrate’s thermal conductivity must align with the application’s heat dissipation needs. Selecting appropriate components and ensuring proper spacing is essential for reliable operation.

Advanced fabrication techniques, such as laser drilling and metallization, are used to achieve precision and quality. Working with experienced manufacturers like Best Technology ensures that every aspect of your design is optimized for performance and longevity.

FAQs About Ceramic Base PCB

1. What industries use ceramic base PCBs?

Industries like automotive, aerospace, medical devices, telecommunications, and consumer electronics widely use ceramic base PCBs.

2. How does ceramic base PCB compare to traditional PCBs?

Ceramic base PCBs offer superior thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and environmental resistance compared to traditional PCBs.

3. Can ceramic base PCBs be customized?

Yes, Best Technology provides fully customized ceramic base PCBs to meet unique application requirements.

4. What is the lead time for ceramic base PCBs?

With our fast delivery services, lead times are minimized, ensuring your projects stay on track. Normally, The fastest lead time is about 2 weeks.

5. Why is thermal conductivity important in ceramic base PCBs?

High thermal conductivity ensures efficient heat dissipation, critical for maintaining performance in high-power applications.

In short, ceramic base PCBs are indispensable for industries requiring high performance and reliability. Best Technology excels in delivering top-notch ceramic base PCBs tailored to your needs. With our diverse product range, exceptional quality, and fast delivery, we are your trusted partner for ceramic base PCB solutions. If you have any questions or any inquiry about ceramic base PCB products, warm welcome to consult us via sales@bestpcbs.com. Thank you.

Tags:Ceramic Base PCB, ceramic PCB, PCB, pcb design, printed circuit board
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What is the soldering temperature of PCB? soldering temperature 60/40

Monday, December 30th, 2024

What is the soldering temperature of PCB?When using traditional tin-lead solder, the soldering temperature is roughly in the range of 183℃ – 327℃. For common tin-silver-copper alloys, the melting point is usually in the range of 217℃ – 227℃. During the soldering operation, the temperature is mostly controlled at around 250℃ – 300℃ to ensure that the solder is fully melted and a high-quality solder joint is formed.

What is the best temperature to solder at?

The optimal temperature range for PCB soldering varies depending on the soldering method.

Surface mount technology: For surface mount technology (SMT), the soldering temperature is generally between 200-240 degrees Celsius. This soldering method includes hot air ovens and reflow soldering, which is mainly used in modern electronic equipment manufacturing.

Wave soldering: The soldering temperature of wave soldering is generally between 230-260 degrees Celsius. The preheating zone temperature of the wave soldering machine is usually 90-130℃, the solder temperature is 275℃～300℃, the immersion speed is 20mm/s～25mm/s, and the immersion time is 1s～3s.

Manual soldering: The temperature requirements for manual soldering are relatively high, usually set between 300℃ – 350℃. For precision components such as IC and SMD, it is recommended to control it at 260℃ – 300℃.

Reflow soldering: The preheating zone temperature of reflow soldering is heated from room temperature to 150℃ – 200℃, the wetting zone is maintained at 150℃ – 200℃, and the peak temperature of the reflow zone is 230℃ – 260℃. The entire reflow soldering process is usually controlled within 4-7 minutes.

Lead-free solder: For lead-free solder, due to its high melting point, the soldering temperature usually needs to be higher, generally between 250℃ – 280℃.

What temperature is 60 40 soldering?

The optimal soldering temperature range of 60/40 solder wire is 220℃-240℃. Within this temperature range, the fluidity and wettability of the solder wire are good, which can ensure the quality and effect of soldering components.

In addition, different types of solder wire have different optimal temperature ranges:

63/37 alloy: high melting point, suitable for soldering circuits and PCB boards, the optimal temperature range is 260℃-280℃.

55/45 alloy: melting point is 187℃-202℃, suitable for specific application scenarios.

50/50 alloy: melting point is 190℃-216℃, suitable for soldering tasks requiring higher melting points.

45/55 alloy: melting point is 192℃-227℃, suitable for soldering tasks requiring higher melting points.

40/60 alloy: melting point is 194℃-238℃, suitable for specific high melting point soldering needs.

35/65 alloy: melting point is 198℃-247℃, suitable for high melting point welding tasks.

30/70 alloy: melting point is 202℃-256℃, suitable for extremely high melting point welding tasks.

What is too much heat on solder?

Overheating of PCB solder can lead to a variety of problems, including reduced soldering quality, component damage and safety hazards. Specifically:

Degraded soldering quality: Overheating can lead to increased solder fluidity, which may cause excessive solder joints or solder accumulation, affecting soldering quality. In addition, overheating may also cause solder joints to turn white, have no metallic luster, have a rough surface, easily peel off, and reduce strength.

Component damage: High temperature accelerates the aging process of electronic components and shortens their life. Long-term overheating may cause damage, burning or failure of electronic components, requiring more frequent component replacement, and increasing repair and maintenance costs.

Safety hazards: Overheating may cause fire risks. In extreme cases, overheated PCB boards may cause wires, cables and other materials to melt, causing fires.

Do and don’ts of soldering?

The precautions for PCB soldering include the following aspects:

1. Selection of soldering materials and flux:

Soldering materials: Commonly used soldering materials include tin-lead solder, which is suitable for general electronic product assembly due to its low melting point, high mechanical strength, low surface tension, and good oxidation resistance.

Flux: Flux is divided into solder resist and soldering flux. The soldering flux is mainly used to remove oxide film, prevent oxidation, reduce surface tension, and increase solder fluidity. Commonly used soldering fluxes include rosin series, which are non-corrosive and suitable for electronic assembly soldering.

2. Key points of welding technology:

Surface treatment of weldment: Remove rust, oil, dust and other impurities on the welding surface.

Pre-soldering: Pre-moisten the welding parts of component leads or wires with solder to reduce welding errors.

Appropriate amount of flux: Rosin water should only wet the solder joints to be formed to avoid excessive use resulting in excessive solder joints or cold solder joints.

Keep the soldering tip clean: The soldering tip needs to be cleaned regularly to prevent oxidation from affecting the heating effect.

3. Control of welding temperature and time:

Temperature control: Too high or too low temperature of the soldering iron will affect the welding quality. It is recommended to use a white light adjustable soldering iron, the temperature is about 350°C for lead soldering, and the temperature is about 380°C for lead-free soldering.

Time control: Select the appropriate heat and time according to the size and shape of the solder joint to ensure the full melting of the solder and the activation of the active flux.

4. Soldering sequence and component placement:

Soldering sequence: Prioritize soldering of smaller components, such as resistors and capacitors, and finally solder larger components and connectors.

Component placement: Components should be neatly, centered, and placed on the board surface, and pay attention to the polarity of the components.

5. Ventilation and safety measures:

Ventilation: Harmful gases will be generated during welding, and exhaust fans or other ventilation equipment must be equipped.

Safe operation: Ensure the safety of the operating process, circuit boards and welding tools, and use anti-static tools and protective measures.

What temperature does solder reflow at?

The reflow temperature range of solder during reflow soldering is usually between 220-260℃. Specifically, the four key temperature zones of reflow soldering and their temperatures and times are as follows:

Preheating zone: The temperature is usually set at 150-200℃ for 60-120 seconds. The purpose of this stage is to preheat the circuit board and components to reduce thermal stress and avoid thermal shock.

Wetting zone: The temperature range is 180-230℃ for 30-90 seconds. At this stage, the solder paste begins to melt and penetrate into the solder joints, preparing for the next reflow stage.

Reflow zone: The temperature is usually 220-260℃ for 30-60 seconds. At this stage, the solder paste is completely melted to form a stable solder joint. Too high a temperature or too long a time may cause the solder joint to overheat, while too low or too short a time may cause the solder joint to be loose.

Cooling zone: The temperature drops below 70℃ for 60-120 seconds. The rapid cooling process helps to reduce the thermal stress of the solder joints and improve the reliability and stability of the product.

In addition, the solder paste will go through four stages during the reflow process: solvent volatilization, oxide removal, melting and reflow, and cooling and solidification. The temperature and time settings of these stages are crucial to ensure the quality of welding and product reliability.

How to remove old solder?

There are mainly the following ways to remove old solder:

Use a solder sucker: The solder sucker is a commonly used tool, especially suitable for soldering work on precision circuits. When using a solder sucker, first heat the soldering iron to melt the solder joint, then gently place the solder sucker on the solder joint, and the molten solder will be absorbed by the solder sucker.

Use anhydrous ethanol or alcohol above 95%: Dip anhydrous ethanol or high-concentration alcohol on a soft brush, brush the solder joint, and then dry it with absorbent cotton.

Ultrasonic cleaning: Ultrasonic cleaning uses the high-frequency oscillation of ultrasound to produce a cavitation effect, which removes the dirt on the solder joint and accelerates the dissolution process of the cleaning fluid.

Manual cleaning: Use manual tools such as tweezers, scrapers, etc. to directly clean the residual solder on the solder joint. This method is simple but inefficient, and it is easy to damage solder joints and components.

Use special tools: such as desoldering mesh wire, desoldering braided belt, etc. Desoldering mesh wire is made of alloy copper wire and is suitable for removing excess solder on SMT parts solder joints and electronic components of PCB.

In short, the PCB welding temperature is determined by many factors. The melting point of tin-lead solder is 183℃ – 327℃, and the lead-free solder is 217℃ – 227℃; the tools are different, the electric soldering iron solders fine boards at 20 – 30W, 280℃ – 320℃, the hot air gun removes lead chips at 300℃ – 350℃, and the lead-free chips at 380℃ – 420℃. Special scenes are adjusted as needed, and instrument monitoring and calibration are required to ensure the quality of solder joints and products.

Tags:soldering temperature, soldering temperature 60/40
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How to melt strong solder joints? Types of soldering joints

Monday, December 30th, 2024

How to melt strong solder joints? First prepare the soldering iron, solder sucker, solder flux and solder sucker braid. Turn on the soldering iron and adjust the temperature to 300-350°C for lead solder and 350-400°C for lead-free solder. Use a toothpick to dip the solder flux and apply it to the solder joints. Then heat it with the soldering iron. After the solder melts, use the solder sucker or braid to remove it.

How do you melt stubborn solder?

Methods for melting stubborn solder include using appropriate solvents, heating methods and special solvents or cleaning agents.

How to melt strong solder joints? Types of soldering joints

Use solvent: According to the composition of the solder, choose a suitable solvent for dissolving. Common solvents include acetone, alcohol, acetic acid, toluene, etc. Pour the solvent on the solder, let it soak for a while, and then gently wipe it with a soft cloth to dissolve the solder.

Heating method: For hot-melt solder, heating can be used to dissolve it. Use a hot air gun or a special hot melt device to heat the solder to a molten state.

Use special solvents or cleaners: You can try to use special solvents or cleaners. Some solvents or cleaners have strong dissolving power and are suitable for specific types of solder.

How do you remove excess solder from PCB?

During the production or repair process, some solder residues left by solder will easily remain on the PCB. If you want to avoid affecting the normal use of the circuit board, you must remove these solder residues. The following are common cleaning methods:

The first method:

1. Soak the circuit board in acetone solution for about 10 minutes;

2. Clean with more than 95% alcohol. If it is difficult to remove, you can use a soft brush to gently sweep;

3. After cleaning, use cotton and other absorbent items to dry;

4. Use a tin sucker, a needle for the welding hole, insert and rotate after the soldering iron is heated. Or you can quickly shake the printed plate after heating to shake off the tin residue. Be careful not to move too much to avoid damaging the circuit board.

The second method:

1. First shake off the solder on the soldering iron and melt the solder joint again. Repeat several times.

2. Find a small section of multi-strand wire, dip it in rosin, melt it together with the solder joint, and remove the wire while it is hot to remove the excess solder.

3. If the solder is on a large area, a special hot air gun or tin furnace can be used.

The third method:

Ultrasonic cleaning method, also soak the circuit board in acetone solution for about 10 minutes, then take out the PCB circuit board and immerse it in a container filled with anhydrous ethanol, and then put the container into the ultrasonic cleaning tank, and continue to clean for about 5 minutes. After completion, take it out and dry it.

What temperature does PCB solder melt?

The melting temperature of PCB solder depends on its composition. The melting temperatures of common solders such as tin-lead alloys (such as 60/40 and 63/37) are as follows:

60/40 solder: melting temperature is about 188°C (370°F).

63/37 solder: melting temperature is about 183°C (361°F).

Temperature requirements for different welding methods

1. Manual welding:

Temperature range: generally between 300°C and 350°C. This temperature range can make the solder wire melt quickly and ensure good wettability.

Time requirement: The welding time for small components is about 2 to 3 seconds, and large components may take 3 to 5 seconds.

2. Wave soldering:

Temperature range: usually between 245°C and 265°C. This temperature can ensure that the solder fully wets the pads and component pins on the PCB board under the push of the wave crest.

Time requirement: depends on the speed of the conveyor belt and the height of the wave crest, generally around 3 to 5 seconds.

3. Reflow soldering:

Temperature curve: divided into preheating zone (100°C to 150°C), insulation zone (150°C to 180°C), reflow zone (210°C to 240°C) and cooling zone.

Time requirement: The entire reflow soldering process is generally between 3 and 6 minutes.

What are the types of PCB solder joints?

The types of PCB solder joints mainly include the following:

Surface mount solder joints (SMT): This type of solder joint is suitable for surface mount components. The solder paste is melted by hot air furnace and other equipment to fix the components on the PCB surface.

Plug-in solder joints: Suitable for plug-in components. The component pins need to be soldered on the PCB by wave soldering or manual soldering.

Through-hole solder joints: Used for component soldering on double-sided or multi-layer PCB boards. The component pins need to be passed through the PCB board and fixed by wave soldering or other technologies.

What temperature is needed to Desolder a PCB?

The optimal temperature range for desoldering a PCB is 250℃-350℃. This temperature range is adjusted according to factors such as component packaging form, volume, and board thickness. Too high a temperature can easily damage the circuit board, while too low a temperature can make it impossible to remove the components or easily cause component damage.

Specific temperature setting suggestions

Preheating table desoldering temperature: When desoldering on the preheating table, the preset temperature is 400 degrees. In actual operation, the temperature under the circuit board is about 170-200 degrees Celsius, and the temperature above the circuit board is about 130-140 degrees Celsius, which can effectively desolder without overheating the PCB.

Large component welding temperature: When handling large-size components, the soldering iron temperature should be set at 350 to 370 degrees Celsius, and the maximum temperature should not exceed 390 degrees Celsius. The welding time should be kept within a few seconds to prevent damage to the pads of the PCB board.

What happens if you overheat a solder joint?

Impact on PCB performance

Degradation of performance: Electronic components on PCBs are sensitive to temperature, and overheating may cause degradation of component performance.

Shortened lifespan: High temperatures accelerate the aging process of electronic components, resulting in a shortened lifespan of components.

Thermal expansion and thermal stress: PCBs and components on them will experience thermal expansion when the temperature changes, and overheating may cause deformation, cracking, or solder joints to fall off.

What temperature will damage a PCB?

When melting solder, the maximum temperature a PCB can withstand is 280 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, the solder will melt but will not cause permanent damage to the PCB. However, if the temperature exceeds this range, it may cause damage to the PCB.

Temperature control of PCBs during soldering

Preheating temperature: Before soldering, the preheating temperature of the PCB is generally controlled between 80°C and 120°C to reduce the impact of thermal stress on components.

Soldering temperature: During soldering, the temperature of the solder needs to reach above its melting point to ensure that the solder can fully melt and wet the soldering surface.

Peak temperature: During the soldering process, some hot spots on the PCB may reach a peak temperature higher than the soldering temperature.

Does flux help melt solder?

Flux helps melt solder during the soldering process, mainly through the following aspects:

Reduce surface tension: Flux can reduce the surface tension of solder, allowing the molten solder to spread better on the soldering surface, and prevent the solder from forming a ball due to surface tension and not being able to fully contact the soldering part.

Remove oxides: Flux has reducing properties and can react with oxides to remove oxide film, so that the solder can be melted smoothly and form a reliable solder joint, and it is also conducive to heat transfer.

Promote heat transfer: Flux can make the soldering iron tip contact with the soldering surface more closely. As a heat conduction medium, it accelerates the solder to absorb heat, thereby melting faster, improving soldering efficiency and solder joint quality.

In short, melting a solid solder joint requires attention in many aspects. Traditional tools such as electric soldering irons and hot air guns should select parameters and operate accurately according to the characteristics of the solder joint and PCB; materials such as flux and tin-absorbing tape should be used skillfully as needed. As a professional PCB manufacturer, BTST Technology has rich experience in the field of PCB welding and is very skilled in the use of tools such as soldering irons and heat guns. Whether it is delicate motherboard solder joints or connection points of large industrial PCBs, they can accurately control and ensure impeccable solder joint quality.

Tags:how to melt strong solder jointsh, PCB Soldering, Types of soldering joints
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