Archive for the ‘PCB News’ Category

How to copy PCB board? PCB reverse engineering

Wednesday, January 8th, 2025

How to copy PCB board? PCB reverse engineering. First, get the PCB sample to be copied, then disassemble and record the component information on the sample to make a BOM table; then scan the sample to get its PCB layout image; then trace the routing and place the components according to the image to complete the drawing of the PCB diagram; finally, use the drawn PCB diagram to make a new PCB board, solder the corresponding components, and test and debug to ensure normal function.

What is copy PCB?

PCB copying, also known as circuit board cloning, refers to the reverse analysis of the circuit board through reverse research and development technology on the premise of existing electronic products and circuit boards, restoring the original product’s PCB files, bill of materials (BOM), schematic files and other technical files, and using these technical files to make PCB boards, solder components, test and debug, and finally complete the complete copy of the original circuit board sample.

How to copy PCB?

The process of copying PCB can be divided into the following points:

1. Get the PCB board to be copied and scan and back it up, remove the components and record the information to make a BOM table, and clean the residue on the surface of the PCB board.

2. Scan the cleaned PCB board, import it into the copy board software, draw the routing and place the components according to the image, and export the PCB file.

3. Make the PCB file into a PCB board, test and debug after soldering the components, and ensure that the copied PCB board functions normally.

What are the steps to copy PCB?

The process of copying PCB can be divided into the following steps:

1. Preparation

Get the PCB board: First, you need a PCB board, which can be provided by the customer or available on the market.

Scan and back up: Scan and back up the PCB board for reference during the copying process.

2. Remove components

Remove components: Use tools such as hot air guns to remove components on the PCB board, pay attention to temperature control, and avoid damaging components or PCB.

Make a BOM table: Record the model, parameters, location and other information of the removed components, and make a bill of materials.

3. Clean the PCB board

Remove residues: Clean the tin slag and other residues on the surface of the PCB board after the components are removed.

4. Copy board

Scan the PCB board: Scan the cleaned PCB board again to obtain a clear image.

Import the copy board software: Import the scanned image into the copy board software.

Draw the routing and place components: In the copy board software, draw the routing of the PCB according to the scanned image and place the corresponding components.

Export PCB file: Export the drawn PCB design to PCB file format.

5. Make and test

Make PCB board: Make the exported PCB file into a PCB board.

Weld components: Weld the purchased components to the made PCB board.

Test and debug: Test and debug the welded PCB board to ensure its normal function.

Notes:

Legal compliance: When copying PCB, you need to pay attention to relevant laws and regulations to avoid infringement of intellectual property rights.

Precision control: During the scanning, drawing and production process, the precision must be strictly controlled to ensure that the copied PCB board is consistent with the original board

Does copy PCB comply with regulations?

Whether the copy PCB complies with regulations depends mainly on the purpose of the copy and whether the relevant intellectual property laws are complied with.

Intellectual property respect: The intellectual property rights of the original design must be respected when copying the PCB.

Legality of reverse engineering: In some cases, copying PCBs through reverse engineering is allowed, but the premise is that such behavior must be used for legitimate purposes.

In summary, whether the copying of PCBs is legal depends mainly on the purpose of the copying and whether the corresponding intellectual property license has been obtained. If it is for commercial purposes and without permission, it may violate relevant laws and regulations and face legal risks.

What are the benefits of copying PCB?

The benefits of copying PCBs mainly include the following aspects:

Save time and cost: By copying PCBs, companies can avoid the high cost and time cost of designing from scratch. Especially in urgent and complex projects, it can significantly save time and manpower.

‌ Improve R&D efficiency: Copying PCBs can accelerate the product R&D process, shorten the product R&D cycle, and enable products to be brought to market faster.

Optimize performance and function: Copying PCB is not just a simple copy. Through the analysis and research of technical data, product performance and function can be optimized, thereby enhancing the market competitiveness of products.

Avoid intellectual property issues: By copying PCB, enterprises can avoid infringing on the intellectual property rights of others under the premise of legality.

What should I pay attention to when copying PCB?

The following points should be noted when copying PCB:

Back up the original file: Before starting to copy, be sure to back up the original PCB file and GERBER file.

Strict file operation: During the copying process, the PCB board must be remade strictly in accordance with the content in the GERBER file, and it cannot be modified at will.

Check the file content: After exporting the GERBER file, you need to carefully check the file content to ensure the accuracy of the copy board content.

‌Processing inner layer circuits: When processing the inner layer circuits, since there are only copper foil and inner circuits, the actual circuits cannot be seen, and the inner layer circuits need to be checked through the outer layer circuits.

Copper plating: When plating copper, the copper foil and the inner circuit connection need to be disconnected to avoid connection with the outer circuit.

Proofread with CAM software: After the design is completed, use CAM software for proofreading to ensure the accuracy of the copy board content.

Record component information: Before copying, record the model, parameters and position of all components in detail, especially the direction of diodes and transistors and the direction of IC gaps.

Disassemble and clean the PCB board: Remove all components, clean the PCB board, clean it with alcohol, dry it, and put it in the scanner.

Image processing: Adjust the contrast and brightness to make the parts with and without copper film have a strong contrast. Remove noise, scratches, etc.

Generate PCB file: Convert the processed image to PROTEL format file, import it in PROTEL and compare whether the PAD and VIA positions are accurately overlapped.

Merge and verify: Import TOP.PCB and BOT.PCB in PROTEL and merge them into a complete PCB diagram. Use a laser printer to print the TOP layer and BOTTOM layer on a transparent film at a 1:1 ratio, and compare it with the original PCB to ensure that there is no error.

How does BEST Technology copy PCB?

As a professional PCB manufacturer, BEST Technology has the following process for copying PCB:

1. Submit sample photos

Customer operation: Please take clear photos of the PCB samples, including the component layout and routing details on both sides, and then send the photos to our email: sales@bestpcbs.com

Notes: Make sure the photos are clear enough to clearly show the component model, location and routing on the PCB board so that our engineers can conduct preliminary analysis and evaluation.

2. Preliminary quotation and communication

Engineer evaluation: After receiving the sample photos, our engineers will give a rough copy price based on factors such as the complexity of the PCB in the photos, the number and type of components, etc.

Program and IC information: If the PCB contains a program IC, you need to inform us or provide a clear photo of the IC so that we can evaluate the difficulty and cost of program cracking and give a more accurate quotation.

3. Confirm the price and send samples

Price confirmation: After receiving our preliminary quotation, if you have any questions or need to adjust, you can communicate with us further until both parties reach an agreement on the price.

Sample delivery: After the price is determined, you need to send us PCB samples, preferably 2 samples, so that we can conduct more detailed analysis and cloning. After receiving the samples, we will provide you with an accurate quotation based on the actual sample situation.

4. Payment and production start

Payment process: After you confirm that the final quotation is correct, you will complete the payment according to our payment method.

Production start: After receiving the customer’s payment, we will officially start the PCB cloning work, including sample analysis, component disassembly, PCB drawing and other steps.

5. Provide design files and manufacture circuit boards

Design file delivery: After completing the copy board work, we will send you the complete Gerber file, schematic diagram and BOM (Bill of Materials) for your review and confirmation.

Circuit board manufacturing: After confirming that the design files are correct, we will start to manufacture circuit boards for you based on these files to ensure that the quality and performance of the circuit boards meet your requirements.

In summary, every step of the PCB copy process is meticulous to ensure that the copy board accurately restores the original board function. At the same time, it is very necessary to find a qualified PCB manufacturer. BEST Technology has rich experience in PCB manufacturing. If you have PCB copy needs, please feel free to contact us at sales@bestpcbs.com.

Tags:copy PCB, PCB reverse engineering
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Let you know about PCBs of different colors: Black PCB vs green PCB

Monday, January 6th, 2025

The color of PCB not only affects its appearance, but is also closely related to material properties and application scenarios. Black PCB uses a special black solder mask layer, which gives it a unique appearance and is also suitable for high-power and high-performance electronic devices. Green PCB is widely used in consumer electronics and industrial control equipment due to its high contrast and good recognition, which is convenient for identification during production and inspection.

Let you know about PCBs of different colors: Black PCB vs green PCB

What is Black FR4 PCB?

The black FR4 PCB is a printed circuit board with FR4 material as the substrate and black solder mask ink coated on the surface. The following is a detailed introduction about it:

1. FR4 material properties:

Composition and structure: FR4 is a plate-shaped laminated product made of special electronic cloth impregnated with epoxy phenolic resin and other materials, and hot-pressed at high temperature and high pressure. It uses glass fiber cloth as a reinforcing material and epoxy resin as an adhesive to form a composite material.

Performance characteristics: It has high mechanical properties and can withstand certain external impact and pressure, ensuring that the circuit board is not easily damaged during use and assembly; it has good dielectric properties and is an excellent electrical insulator, which can effectively isolate different parts of the circuit, prevent short circuits and leakage, and ensure the stability of signal transmission.

2. The role of black solder mask:

Insulation protection: Like other colors of solder mask, black solder mask can cover the non-conductive area of the circuit board to prevent short circuits between different lines, protect the circuit from external factors, improve the electrical insulation performance of the circuit board, and extend its service life.

Appearance and logo: Black gives the circuit board a high-end, mysterious and professional visual experience, making the product more attractive in appearance. It is often used in some electronic products that have special requirements for appearance or pursue a unique brand image.

Soldering and anti-corrosion: During the welding process, the solder mask can open windows at the designated welding position so that the solder flows only where it is needed, improve the welding quality, and reduce the occurrence of welding defects such as cold soldering and short circuits. At the same time, it can also protect the copper foil circuit from moisture, oxygen and other corrosive substances in the environment, prevent copper foil oxidation and corrosion, thereby ensuring the conductivity and reliability of the circuit board.

3. Application areas:

High-end consumer electronic products: such as high-end smartphones, tablets, laptops, etc., black FR4 PCB can enhance the overall texture and grade of the product, matching the stylish appearance design of the product.

Automation equipment: With its good mechanical and electrical properties, black FR4 PCB can adapt to factors such as vibration, shock, and temperature changes in industrial environments, and is widely used in industrial controllers, automated production line equipment, robots and other equipment.

Communication equipment: Black FR4 PCB can meet the requirements of communication equipment for electrical performance and heat dissipation performance, and its appearance can also be consistent with the professional image of communication equipment.

Medical equipment: Black FR4 PCB has good insulation and mechanical properties, which can ensure the stable operation of medical equipment during long-term use. It is often used in medical monitoring equipment, diagnostic equipment, treatment equipment and other fields.

What is Green PCB?

Green PCB refers to a printed circuit board with a layer of green solder mask ink coated on its surface. The main function of this layer of green ink is to prevent the physical disconnection of the conductor circuit, prevent short circuits caused by bridging during welding, and ensure that welding is only performed on the parts that must be welded to avoid solder waste.

Advantages of green PCB

Visual effect and recognition: Green has better visual effect than other colors in the yellow light room, making the logo and tracking lines on the circuit board more clearly visible. In addition, in the surface mount technology (SMT) welding process, the green background helps optical positioning calibration and improves production efficiency and quality.

Environmental protection and cost: Green ink is relatively environmentally friendly, and due to the large amount of green ink in the market, the cost is relatively low. For a long time, the widespread use of green ink in PCB manufacturing has also made its procurement cost low.

Convenience of observation and maintenance for workers: Under strong light, green is less irritating to the eyes, allowing workers to maintain clear vision for longer and reduce eye fatigue. In addition, the green background makes the wiring clearer and reduces the difficulty of maintenance.

Black PCB vs green PCB: Which one is better?

Black PCB board and green PCB each have their own advantages and disadvantages, and choosing which one is better depends on the specific application requirements.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Black PCB

Advantages:

High-end and technological sense: Black PCB usually gives people a high-end and technological impression, suitable for high-end electronic products such as high-frequency circuits and high-speed signal transmission circuits, and can provide better signal isolation and electromagnetic interference (EMI) control.

High light shielding: Black PCB has high light shielding, and the appearance looks more high-end and atmospheric, suitable for application scenarios that require high aesthetics.

Disadvantages:

Complex production process: The production process of black PCB is relatively complex, and it is easy to cause process problems due to insufficient light, such as unclear circuit graphics development, decreased alignment accuracy, etc., which increases the scrap rate and leads to higher costs.

Heat absorption: Black PCB absorbs more heat, which may increase the risk of overheating of sensitive components.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Green PCB

Advantages:

Widely used and mature process: Green PCB is the most common color, the production process is relatively mature and stable, the curing time is short and the performance is stable, and there are rarely problems such as solder mask bridge shedding.

High visibility and contrast: Green PCB contrasts sharply with white text, enhances readability, and is suitable for application scenarios that require high visibility.

Environmental protection: The ink used in green PCB is relatively environmentally friendly and does not contain conductive components, which reduces the risk of short circuits and the risk of toxic gas release.

Disadvantages:

Traditional appearance: Green PCB gives people a traditional and reliable feeling, which may not be suitable for all high-end or modern design needs.

Application scenario comparison

Black PCB: Suitable for high-frequency circuits, high-speed signal transmission circuits, high-end computers and other semiconductor applications because of its good signal isolation and EMI control capabilities.

Green PCB: Green PCB is widely used in consumer electronics and industrial control equipment due to its good visibility and recognition.

What is White PCB?

White PCB is a circuit board with a white solder mask on the surface, which is usually used in high-end electronic devices and precision instruments.

1. Definition and characteristics

Color: The color of white PCB is limited to white, which makes it more convenient to check the existing circuit.

Price: Compared with conventional green PCB, the production cost of white PCB is higher because more processes and special materials are required.

Manufacturing difficulty: The manufacturing of white PCB is more complicated than other types of PCB.

2. Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:

Beautiful and elegant: The white appearance is more concise and fashionable, suitable for high-end products such as high-end headphones, watches, etc.

Easy to identify: During assembly and repair, white PCBs are easier to identify solder joints and components, especially in darker environments.

Good thermal conductivity: White PCBs have good thermal conductivity, which helps to dissipate heat and improve product stability and life.

Disadvantages:

High production cost: More processes and materials are required during the manufacturing process, resulting in increased costs.

Difficult welding test: The surface color is brighter and the light reflectivity is strong, making the welding test process more difficult.

Not suitable for high-frequency circuits: Due to the high dielectric constant of white PCBs, they are not suitable for high-frequency circuit design.

What is Yellow PCB?

Yellow PCB refers to a printed circuit board (PCB) with a yellow solder mask (covering layer) coated on the surface. Yellow PCB is not common in PCB manufacturing, mainly because it has a poor contrast with the traces and screen printing, which easily hides the traces and affects readability and visibility.

Characteristics and uses of yellow PCB

Poor contrast: Yellow PCB has poor contrast with traces and screen printing, which makes it less visually clear than PCBs of other colors.

Antistatic layer: Yellow solder resist is often used for antistatic layer, which can effectively prevent static electricity from interfering with the circuit and improve the reliability and stability of the circuit board. In addition, yellow solder resist can maintain its original color after metallization and is often used in radio equipment.

How should the PCB color be selected?

Selecting the right PCB color requires consideration of multiple factors, including the effect of color on readability and aesthetics, the feasibility of the production process, and the needs of the application scenario.

PCBs of different colors and their advantages and disadvantages

Green PCB: Green is the most common PCB color and is widely used for its good contrast and readability. The surface treatment of green PCB reflects less light, which helps reduce glare and is suitable for most application scenarios.

Red PCB: Red PCB has high visibility and is suitable for high-end electronic devices and parts that need to be highlighted. The red solder resist is easy to control during production, with fewer problems of bubbles and thickness, and is suitable for use in high temperature and harsh environments.

Blue PCB: Blue PCB provides good appearance and recognition and is suitable for electronic products that require a high-tech feel. However, the blue solder mask has high fluidity and is prone to oil accumulation, so special attention should be paid during production.

Black PCB: Black PCB has high light shielding and aesthetics, but it absorbs heat and increases the risk of component overheating. Black PCB should not be used in high-temperature applications.

White PCB: White PCB is easy to identify in low-light environments and is suitable for applications that require high reflectivity, such as lamps and optical equipment.

Yellow PCB: Yellow PCB was once widely used, but has poor contrast with routing and screen printing and is now less used.

Recommendations for choosing PCB colors

Choose according to application scenarios: If high contrast and readability are required, green or blue PCBs are better choices; if high visibility and high temperature environments are required, red PCBs are more suitable.

Consider the production process: Different colors of solder mask have different requirements for the production process, and production efficiency and cost-effectiveness should be considered when choosing.

Aesthetics and design style: Choose the right color according to the overall design style of the product, such as red for activeness and enthusiasm, and blue for calmness and technology.

PCBs of different colors each have their own unique advantages and application scenarios. Green PCB is widely used in consumer electronics and industrial control equipment due to its good visibility and recognition. Black PCB is often used in high-performance electronic devices due to its high-end appearance and excellent heat dissipation performance.

As a professional PCB manufacturer, BEST Technology can provide PCBs in a variety of colors to meet the needs of different customers. Whether it is the pursuit of aesthetics or specific functions, we can provide you with high-quality solutions. Please feel free to contact us at sales@bestpcbs.com to get the best PCB color solution.

Tags:Black FR4 PCB, White PCB, Yellow PCB
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What is the best color for PCB? PCB solder mask colors

Friday, January 3rd, 2025

What is the best color for PCB? Generally speaking, green is the best choice for PCB. On the one hand, green solder mask ink is cheap, in sufficient supply, mature in production process, with low scrap rate and obvious cost advantage; on the other hand, it has a sharp contrast with white silk-screen text, which is convenient for seeing circuits and components during assembly and maintenance, and is also environmentally friendly.

What is the standard color of PCB?

In the PCB industry, green is generally regarded as the standard color. This is mainly because:

The process is mature and the cost is low: The green solder mask process is the most mature and simple, and the use of green solder mask ink is cost-effective. Most manufacturers use the same green ink, which can reduce the cost of line change and is more economical in large-scale production.

What is the best color for PCB? PCB solder mask colors

Good visibility and recognition: The green and white printed text form a sharp contrast, which is convenient for assemblers to scan the circuit board, less stress on the eyes, and good visual contrast when checking welding quality and circuit layout. The visual effect is good in the yellow light room, and the instrument recognition effect for optical positioning and calibration is also better.

Relatively safe and environmentally friendly: Compared with other colors such as blue and black, green solder resist does not contain elements such as cobalt and carbon, has a low risk of short circuit when powered on, and generally does not release toxic gases in high temperature environments.

Which PCB color is best?

The choice of PCB color depends on the specific application requirements and environmental conditions. PCBs of different colors have their own characteristics and applicable scenarios:

Green PCB: It is the most common color. It is low-cost and has obvious advantages in large-scale production; it is easy to develop and it is easier to remove unnecessary parts during the production process; it has good visual effects and is eye-friendly, which helps the visual contrast of high-brightness metal pads and logos, and is conducive to optical positioning calibration; it also has a certain degree of confidentiality and is relatively safe and environmentally friendly.

Black PCB: It gives people a high-end and mysterious feeling and is often used in high-end audio equipment, gaming hardware, etc. The contrast of the words marking the welding parts is high, and the colored connectors are more conspicuous against a black background, and the visual effect is good when placed in the chassis. However, the production process of black PCB has high process requirements, which is easy to cause color difference, resulting in an increase in defective rate, and the circuit routing is difficult to identify, which will increase the difficulty of maintenance and debugging in the R&D and after-sales stages.

Blue PCB: It can provide novel and high-end visual effects, suitable for electronic products that pursue product appearance differentiation, with good screen printing contrast, relatively simple production process and moderate cost.

Red PCB: It has excellent visibility, can clearly define the contrast of traces, planes and blank areas, and has beautiful screen printing effects. It usually uses high-temperature resistant red photosensitive dyes, has good thermal stability and weather resistance, and is often used in specific applications such as high-end communication equipment and military electronics, but the production process is complex and the cost is high.

White PCB: The appearance is clean and beautiful, suitable for products with high decorativeness, such as high-end headphones, watches, etc. However, it is easy to hide the routing, the production cost is relatively high, and the welding test is relatively difficult.

Does PCB color matter?

PCB color is important to a certain extent.

From the perspective of manufacturing, color is related to production process. The production process of green PCB is the most mature and the cost is relatively low. Because green solder mask ink is more commonly used, manufacturers can use equipment and materials more efficiently and reduce production costs during large-scale production.

Black PCBs have higher process requirements during the manufacturing process. For example, in the exposure and development stages, black solder mask may require more precise parameter control due to its strong light shielding, otherwise it is easy to have quality problems, such as short circuit hazards or appearance defects.

Color also has an impact on the product assembly and maintenance stage. For assembly workers, the high contrast between green PCB and white silk-screen text makes it easier for them to identify component locations and view line directions, which helps improve assembly efficiency and reduce the probability of errors. Black PCBs have disadvantages in this regard. Its lines are not easy to see clearly, which is more troublesome during debugging and maintenance.

From the perspective of product performance, color may have a certain impact on heat dissipation and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). In theory, black PCBs may have better performance in thermal radiation due to their darker color, which can help some high-power devices dissipate heat better.

In terms of electromagnetic shielding, if special additives are used to change the color of PCBs of different colors, these materials may affect the electromagnetic shielding performance. However, this situation is more complicated and related to the specific material formula.

In terms of product appearance design, color is very important. For consumer electronic products, such as mobile phones and computers, the color of the PCB can match the overall style and brand image of the product. For example, some high-end electronic products use black PCBs to create a cool and professional feeling, while some products with a fresh style may use white or light blue PCBs.

Are black PCBs more expensive?

Usually, black PCBs are more expensive for the following reasons:

Material cost: Black solder mask materials may require more expensive pigments or additives, and character inks may also be more expensive due to color and quality factors.

Production process: Black pigments absorb light strongly. In the exposure and development processes, it is easy to have process problems such as unclear circuit graphics due to insufficient light and reduced alignment accuracy between the solder mask and the circuit, which increases the scrap rate and leads to an increase in overall costs.

Market demand and supply: Black PCB is generally used in high-end electronic products, and the market demand is relatively small. Suppliers cannot form economies of scale during production, which leads to an increase in unit price.

Why is green PCB cheaper?

Green PCB is cheaper for the following reasons:

1. Low material cost:

Cheap raw materials: The raw materials of green solder mask ink are in sufficient supply in the market and are relatively cheap. For example, compared with the expensive pigments or additives used in some special color inks, the cost of green ink ingredients is lower.

Adequate stock: Due to the widespread use of green PCBs, ink suppliers usually reserve a large amount of green ink, which further reduces procurement costs and reduces the risk of price fluctuations caused by shortages.

2. Mature production technology:

Easy to process: The processing and printing of green solder mask ink is relatively easy, and no complex color adjustment and special treatment are required during the production process, which can improve production efficiency and reduce labor and time costs.

Low scrap rate: The process of producing green PCB is very mature. In the exposure, development and other processes, the probability of quality problems of green PCB is low, and the scrap rate is low, which reduces the overall production cost.

3. Favorable market supply and demand relationship:

Massive production: Green is the most common color of PCB, and the market demand is large, so manufacturers can carry out large-scale production. Through large-scale production, enterprises can make full use of production equipment and reduce the production cost of unit products.

Strong versatility: Most electronic products have no special requirements for PCB color. Green PCB can meet the needs of most application scenarios. There is no need to adjust the production line or increase additional costs to meet the special color requirements of individual customers.

What color is FR4?

FR4 is a substrate material for PCB. It does not have a fixed color. Its main components are glass fiber cloth and epoxy resin. Its color is usually determined by the solder mask on the surface.

The most common color of FR4 circuit boards is green, because green solder mask is widely used in PCB manufacturing. But in fact, FR4 substrate can present a variety of colors after different surface treatments, such as black, blue, red, white, etc.

How to choose the color of PCB?

There are several main factors to consider when choosing the color of PCB:

1. Functional requirements:

Green PCB: Green PCB is widely used because of its high clarity and low glare characteristics. The green solder mask contrasts sharply with the white text, improving readability while reducing glare and protecting the eyes.

Black PCB: Black PCB provides high light shielding and aesthetics, and looks high-end and atmospheric, but it absorbs more heat and may increase the risk of overheating of sensitive components.

Blue PCB: Blue PCB has good screen printing contrast and is suitable for applications that require high contrast, such as LCD installation.

Red PCB: Red PCB is eye-catching and has high visibility, suitable for high-end electronic devices and occasions that require high-precision circuit boards.

White PCB: White PCB appears clean and tidy in various environments, has high reflectivity, and is suitable for low-light environments or applications that require high contrast.

2. Application scenarios and environmental factors:

Consumer electronics: Green PCB is widely used in consumer electronics due to its low cost and high contrast.

High-end electronic equipment: Red and blue PCB are often used in high-end communication equipment, military electronic products and optical equipment due to their high visibility and contrast.

Lighting industry: White PCB is often used in the lighting industry due to its high reflectivity.

3. Production process and cost-effectiveness:

Production process: PCBs of different colors have different requirements for production process.

Cost-effectiveness: Green PCB is the most widely used, and factories usually reserve a large amount of green paint, which is relatively low in cost. In addition, green is more friendly to the eyes and reduces fatigue caused by long-term work.

In short, the selection of PCB color should be considered comprehensively. If you pursue cost-effectiveness and mass production, choose green, which has low cost and mature technology; if you want to highlight the quality of high-end products, you can choose black, which has high cost but good appearance and texture; blue, red, etc. are determined according to specific scenarios, such as red for high visibility and blue for novel appearance. Comprehensive consideration can be made to choose the right one.

Tags:PCB, What is the best color for PCB
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How to clean a pcb? How to clean circuit board corrosion?

Thursday, January 2nd, 2025

How to clean a pcb?First, prepare a soft brush, high-concentration isopropyl alcohol or special cleaning agent, and tweezers, and take power-off and anti-static measures. Then use a soft brush dipped in cleaning agent to brush, soak the stains in the cleaning agent first and then brush, use a cotton swab to clean the gaps and blow them clean again. After cleaning, use a low-temperature hot air blower to blow dry from a distance, and finally check whether the appearance is damaged and perform functional tests.

How do you clean up PCBs?

PCB is a key component of electronic equipment. Cleaning PCB helps ensure its normal operation and extend its service life. Here are some common cleaning methods and precautions:

How to clean a pcb? How to clean circuit board corrosion?

1. Eraser cleaning method:

Tools: Choose a soft eraser.

Operation: Gently press the eraser on the part that needs to be cleaned, such as the gold finger, and wipe back and forth along its arrangement direction until the surface is restored to brightness. This method is simple and effective, and will not damage the gold-plated layer on the surface of the gold finger.

2. Alcohol wiping method:

Tools: medical alcohol (or anhydrous ethanol), soft cloth or cotton wool.

Operation: Pour an appropriate amount of alcohol on a soft cloth or cotton wool, and then gently wipe the surface of the PCB to ensure that the alcohol is evenly covered. After wiping, wait for the alcohol to evaporate naturally.

3. Special detergent method:

Tools: Goldfinger special detergent, board washing water, hydrogen peroxide, etc., as well as cleaning cloth, cotton swabs or soft brushes.

Operation: Dilute the detergent to an appropriate concentration according to the instructions for use, then dip the detergent with a soft cloth, cotton swab or soft brush, and gently wipe the surface of the PCB. After wiping, rinse thoroughly with clean water, then wipe dry with a clean cloth or dry naturally.

4. Ultrasonic cleaning method:

Equipment: Ultrasonic cleaning machine.

Operation: First calculate and configure the dilution ratio of the cleaning solution, add water to the cleaning machine tank, and then add the cleaning solution. Preheat the solution to the appropriate temperature according to the detergent recommendation. Then put in the PCB and set the cleaning time, usually a few minutes. After cleaning, remove the PCB, rinse and dry thoroughly.

5. High-pressure spray cleaning and brushing:

Equipment: High-pressure spray cleaning machine or soft brush.

Operation: High-pressure spray cleaning is to spray the cleaning liquid onto the PCB surface at a high pressure through a high-pressure pump, and use the impact of the water flow to wash away the contaminants. Brushing is to use a soft brush to dip the cleaning liquid and manually or automatically brush the PCB surface.

When cleaning the PCB, you should choose the appropriate cleaning method and tools according to the actual situation, and pay attention to the safety and effectiveness during the operation. At the same time, the cleanliness of the PCB should be carefully checked after cleaning to ensure that there are no residues and stains that affect the performance and stability of the circuit board.

Can you use WD-40 to clean a circuit board?

You can use WD-40 to clean the circuit board, but you need to be careful. WD-40 can effectively remove oil, dust, oxides and some minor corrosion on the circuit board, and can form a thin protective film on the surface of the circuit board to prevent the circuit board from getting wet.

In addition, WD-40 precision electrical cleaner is suitable for various electronic instrument circuit boards. It has the characteristics of fast cleaning and no residue. It is suitable for plastic, rubber and metal materials, safe and non-corrosive.

Advantages and disadvantages of using WD-40 to clean circuit boards

Advantages:

Good cleaning effect: WD-40 can effectively remove various dirt on circuit boards, especially dirt in narrow gaps and between components.

Moisture-proof effect: Form a protective film on the surface of the circuit board to prevent moisture, suitable for circuit boards in humid environments or long-term storage.

Quick drying and no residue: WD-40 precision electrical cleaner evaporates quickly without leaving any residue.

Disadvantages:

Need to dry thoroughly: After cleaning, you must ensure that the circuit board is completely dry, otherwise it may cause problems such as short circuits.

Avoid sensitive components: Avoid WD-40 directly spraying on sensitive components during cleaning, such as high-precision sensors, chip pins, etc.

What is the best solvent to clean PCB?

The best solvent for cleaning PCBs depends on the specific cleaning needs and environmental requirements.

Common solvents and their advantages and disadvantages

Organic solvents: such as acetone, ethanol or isopropyl alcohol. These solvents have strong dissolving power and can effectively remove dirt and grease on the surface of PCB. The advantages are simple operation, easy to obtain solvents, and suitable for most conventional cleaning needs.

Chlorinated solvents: For example, the washing water made by mixing chlorinated solvents with other solvents can dissolve rosin and remove flux quickly, and is easy to volatilize after cleaning, but it is often easy to turn white and sticky, and it is a flammable solvent. Environmental regulations are becoming increasingly stringent, and its use has been reduced.

Hydrocarbon solvents: composed of two elements, carbon and hydrogen, are mainly used to clean various oils, greases, and soldering resins. Hydrocarbon cleaning agents can be used in various ways, but they are flammable and explosive, so safety should be paid attention to when using them.

Water-based washing water: With water as the solute carrier, it is environmentally friendly, safe, non-toxic, and has no irritating gas volatilization. It is suitable for SMT steel mesh, fixtures, wave soldering equipment, etc., with good cleaning effect and environmental protection.

What is a good substitute for PCB cleaner?

Substitutes for PCB cleaners include alcohol, detergent, white vinegar and lemon juice. These alternatives perform well in cleaning electronic components and have less impact on the human body and the environment.

Alcohol: Alcohol is a relatively environmentally friendly cleaning agent that can effectively remove oil and dirt from the surface of PCBs and electronic components. Alcohol is not only affordable and easily available, but also evaporates quickly and does not leave water stains after use.

Dishwashing liquid: Dishwashing liquid does not contain any harmful substances and is harmless to the human body and the environment. It is also suitable for cleaning oil and dirt on the surface of PCB boards and electronic components, and is inexpensive.

White vinegar: White vinegar is an environmentally friendly and non-toxic natural cleaning agent that can effectively remove stains and sediments from the surface of electronic components. White vinegar is readily available in the home and is easy to use.

Lemon juice: Lemon juice contains acidic ingredients that can remove stains and sediments from the surface of electronic components. It is a natural cleaning agent that is non-toxic, environmentally friendly and has a natural aroma.

What breaks down PCBs?

When cleaning PCBs, the following situations may cause them to break down:

Chemical corrosion: Using a cleaning agent containing highly corrosive substances (such as concentrated acids, strong alkalis, and halogenated solvents) will react with the PCB substrate material and destroy its structure; the moisture or chemical components in the cleaning agent residue may also cause oxidation corrosion of the metal circuit, accelerating the aging and decomposition of the PCB.

Physical damage: Brushes with hard bristles, sharp tools, or excessive force can scratch the circuit, damage the protective layer, or even cut the circuit, and may also cause components to loosen and fall off; high temperatures during drying can soften and deform the substrate material, affecting the quality of the solder joints and further damaging the PCB.

Electrostatic discharge: If anti-static measures are not taken during cleaning, static electricity will accumulate and then discharge, which may damage static-sensitive components, cause damage to the internal circuit structure, affect the PCB function, and even cause further damage such as short circuits.

Is 70% isopropyl alcohol safe for electronics?

70% isopropyl alcohol is generally safe for electronic products. It has good cleaning properties, can dissolve common stains such as oil, and has moderate volatility, which means it can evaporate quickly after cleaning. But there are risks. The 30% water it contains may harm components that are sensitive to humidity, causing short circuits, corrosion, or performance degradation.

Of course, as long as you operate carefully, avoid liquid from entering the components, and ensure complete drying, it is generally safe, but higher purity isopropyl alcohol or special cleaning agents may be required for precision or humidity-sensitive electronic products.

How to clean circuit board corrosion?

There are several ways to clean circuit board corrosion:

Use compressed air: Compressed air is a common tool for electronic cleaning. It can remove dust and impurities by releasing short pulses into the vents.

Use baking soda: Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is an alkaline substance that can effectively neutralize the acid in the corrosive solution and help remove corrosion on the surface of the PCB.

Use distilled water: Distilled water has high purity and can be used to clean circuit boards, but you need to be careful to avoid using ordinary tap water because the impurities in it may aggravate corrosion.

Use special cleaning agents: such as board washing water, alcohol, etc. These cleaning agents can effectively remove stains and flux residues on the circuit board.

Ultrasonic cleaning technology: Use ultrasonic vibration to improve the cleaning effect, suitable for the cleaning needs of high-end precision products.

Dry ice cleaning method: This is an environmentally friendly cleaning technology that removes stains by spraying dry ice particles, suitable for precision products that are sensitive to shaking.

Methods to prevent circuit board corrosion include:

Keep it dry: Avoid circuit boards in a humid environment for a long time. Keeping the circuit board dry is the key to preventing corrosion.

Clean flux residues in time: Clean flux residues in time after welding to prevent them from reacting with PCBs and causing corrosion.

In short, cleaning PCBs is an indispensable part of electronic equipment maintenance. By choosing appropriate cleaning methods and tools, pollutants on the PCB surface can be effectively removed, and the stability and service life of the equipment can be improved. At the same time, precautions and effect inspections during the cleaning process are also very important.

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Why is copper used in PCBs?

Thursday, January 2nd, 2025

Why is copper used in PCBs? Because of its strong electrical conductivity, it can ensure efficient signal transmission; excellent thermal conductivity, can quickly dissipate heat; stable chemical properties, can resist corrosion to ensure reliable circuits; good processability, meet the needs of PCB miniaturization; and good cost-effectiveness and compatibility, it is an ideal choice for PCB manufacturing.

What material is commonly used for PCBs?

The materials commonly used for PCBs include FR-4, metal substrates, ceramic substrates, polymer materials, etc. These materials have their own characteristics and are suitable for different application scenarios.

1. FR-4

FR-4 is a glass fiber reinforced plastic and is the most commonly used substrate in the PCB manufacturing process. It has excellent electrical properties, mechanical properties, thermal properties and weather resistance, and is widely used in home appliances, office electronic equipment, automotive electronics, industrial controllers and other fields.

2. Metal substrate

A metal substrate is a PCB board with a metal film plated on the substrate. Commonly used metals include aluminum, copper, iron, nickel, stainless steel, etc. It has excellent heat dissipation and shock resistance, and is suitable for high-power electronic equipment, LED lighting, automotive electronics and other fields. But metal substrates are expensive and have high manufacturing costs.

3. Ceramic substrates

Ceramic substrates are very hard, high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials, usually made of high-purity alumina or silicon nitride. They are suitable for high-frequency, high-power and high-precision electronic components, and are mainly used in high-end fields such as military industry, aerospace, and medical treatment.

4. Polymer materials

Polymer materials include polyimide, acrylic, polyamide and epoxy resin, which have good mechanical properties, dimensional stability and thermal stability, and are suitable for high-density, high-speed and high-precision circuit boards. They are mainly used in semiconductor production equipment, optical instruments, aerospace, military industry and other fields.

What is the core material of a PCB?

The core material of a PCB is copper clad laminate (CCL). Copper clad laminate plays a vital role in PCB manufacturing. It not only provides the functions of conductivity, insulation and support, but also directly determines the performance of PCB.

The manufacturing process of copper clad laminate includes impregnating electronic fiberglass cloth or other reinforcing materials with resin, then covering one or both sides with copper foil, and undergoing hot pressing. This material not only has the functions of conducting, insulating and supporting, but also serves as the core substrate of PCB.

In addition, other core materials of PCB include copper foil, prepreg, dry film and ink, etc. These materials together determine the quality and performance of the final product.

What is the copper plate on PCB?

The copper clad laminate (CCL) on PCB is a composite material consisting of a non-conductive substrate (such as FR4) and one or more layers of copper foil. The copper foil is usually covered on one or both sides of the substrate for conductive connection.

Copper clad laminate plays a vital role in PCB manufacturing. It is the core material for making PCBs and has four major functions: conducting, insulating, supporting and signal transmission.

Copper clad laminate not only carries the connection between electronic components, but also ensures the normal operation of electronic equipment, and in the production of multilayer boards, it also plays the role of core board.

The manufacturing process of copper clad laminate mainly includes impregnating the reinforcing material with a resin binder, then covering the copper foil on one or both sides, and finally hot pressing. It occupies an important position in PCB manufacturing, and direct materials account for about 60% of the total cost of PCB. It has a wide range of applications and is commonly found in electronic products such as computers, computers, and mobile communications.

Why is copper used in a PCB?

The main reasons for using copper in PCBs include the following:

Conductive properties: Copper is an excellent conductive material that can ensure that current flows smoothly on the PCB to meet the working requirements of electronic equipment.

Heat dissipation: The high thermal conductivity of copper can effectively disperse heat to a larger area, reduce local hot spots, and improve overall heat dissipation efficiency.

Mechanical stability: Copper plating helps maintain the uniformity of lamination during PCB manufacturing and reduce deformation caused by uneven materials, thereby improving the mechanical stability of the finished product.

Signal integrity: Copper plating can provide a low-impedance return path, reduce signal loss and interference, especially in high-frequency digital signal transmission, and improve the stability and reliability of signal transmission.

Electromagnetic shielding: Large areas of ground or power copper plating can serve as a natural electromagnetic shielding layer to reduce external interference, while suppressing noise propagation within the circuit to meet EMC requirements.

Reduce costs: Although the cost of copper is relatively high, its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity makes the circuit design more concise, reduces the number and complexity of components, and thus reduces the overall cost to a certain extent.

What is the purpose of copper traces on a PCB?

Copper traces on a PCB have a variety of uses, mainly including conduction, heat dissipation, mechanical support and signal transmission.

Conductivity: Copper traces are the most important conductive material in PCBs, used to connect various components in the circuit, such as integrated circuits, resistors, capacitors, etc., to ensure smooth transmission of current.

Heat dissipation: Copper has good thermal conductivity. By laying copper traces near the heat source, heat can be effectively dispersed, local overheating can be prevented, and the overall heat dissipation efficiency of the PCB can be improved.

Mechanical support: Copper traces play a supporting role in the PCB manufacturing process, helping to maintain the uniformity of lamination and reduce deformation, thereby improving the structural stability of the PCB.

Signal transmission: In high-frequency circuits, copper traces provide a complete return path for high-frequency signals, reduce signal interference, and improve the stability and reliability of signal transmission.

How thick is 1 oz copper PCB?

The thickness of 1 oz copper PCB is about 1.4 mils, or 0.035 mm.

Key information is as follows:

Relationship between ounces and thickness: In PCB manufacturing, the thickness of copper is usually expressed in ounces. 1 ounce of copper means that the weight of copper is 1 ounce in an area of 1 square foot.

Unit conversion: After conversion, the thickness of 1 oz copper is about 1.4 mils, and 1 mil is equal to 0.001 inches, which is further converted to millimeters, that is, 0.035 mm.

What is the difference between 1 oz and 2 oz copper?

The main difference between 1 oz and 2 oz copper is their thickness and weight.

1. Thickness difference:

1 oz copper: The thickness of 1 oz copper is about 0.0356 mm or 1.35 mils.

2 oz copper: The thickness of 2 oz copper is about 0.0712 mm or 2.72 mils.

2. Weight difference:

1 ounce copper: 1 ounce is approximately equal to 28.35 grams (g).

2 ounces copper: 2 ounces is approximately equal to 56.7 grams (g), which is twice that of 1 ounce copper.

3. Application scenarios:

1 ounce copper: Usually used for general circuit board design, suitable for most electronic devices.

2 ounces copper: Suitable for applications that require higher current carrying capacity or higher reliability, such as servers, industrial control equipment, etc.

4. Cost difference:

Increased thickness: Generally, increased copper thickness leads to higher costs because more materials and more complex manufacturing processes are required.

On the whole, the choice of copper in PCB is inevitable. With its excellent performance, it ensures stable signal transmission, anti-interference, efficient heat dissipation, circuit stability, high current carrying and enhanced PCB mechanical strength of electronic equipment, thereby ensuring reliable operation of the equipment.

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What is the soldering temperature of PCB? soldering temperature 60/40

Monday, December 30th, 2024

What is the soldering temperature of PCB?When using traditional tin-lead solder, the soldering temperature is roughly in the range of 183℃ – 327℃. For common tin-silver-copper alloys, the melting point is usually in the range of 217℃ – 227℃. During the soldering operation, the temperature is mostly controlled at around 250℃ – 300℃ to ensure that the solder is fully melted and a high-quality solder joint is formed.

What is the best temperature to solder at?

The optimal temperature range for PCB soldering varies depending on the soldering method.

Surface mount technology: For surface mount technology (SMT), the soldering temperature is generally between 200-240 degrees Celsius. This soldering method includes hot air ovens and reflow soldering, which is mainly used in modern electronic equipment manufacturing.

Wave soldering: The soldering temperature of wave soldering is generally between 230-260 degrees Celsius. The preheating zone temperature of the wave soldering machine is usually 90-130℃, the solder temperature is 275℃～300℃, the immersion speed is 20mm/s～25mm/s, and the immersion time is 1s～3s.

Manual soldering: The temperature requirements for manual soldering are relatively high, usually set between 300℃ – 350℃. For precision components such as IC and SMD, it is recommended to control it at 260℃ – 300℃.

Reflow soldering: The preheating zone temperature of reflow soldering is heated from room temperature to 150℃ – 200℃, the wetting zone is maintained at 150℃ – 200℃, and the peak temperature of the reflow zone is 230℃ – 260℃. The entire reflow soldering process is usually controlled within 4-7 minutes.

Lead-free solder: For lead-free solder, due to its high melting point, the soldering temperature usually needs to be higher, generally between 250℃ – 280℃.

What temperature is 60 40 soldering?

The optimal soldering temperature range of 60/40 solder wire is 220℃-240℃. Within this temperature range, the fluidity and wettability of the solder wire are good, which can ensure the quality and effect of soldering components.

In addition, different types of solder wire have different optimal temperature ranges:

63/37 alloy: high melting point, suitable for soldering circuits and PCB boards, the optimal temperature range is 260℃-280℃.

55/45 alloy: melting point is 187℃-202℃, suitable for specific application scenarios.

50/50 alloy: melting point is 190℃-216℃, suitable for soldering tasks requiring higher melting points.

45/55 alloy: melting point is 192℃-227℃, suitable for soldering tasks requiring higher melting points.

40/60 alloy: melting point is 194℃-238℃, suitable for specific high melting point soldering needs.

35/65 alloy: melting point is 198℃-247℃, suitable for high melting point welding tasks.

30/70 alloy: melting point is 202℃-256℃, suitable for extremely high melting point welding tasks.

What is too much heat on solder?

Overheating of PCB solder can lead to a variety of problems, including reduced soldering quality, component damage and safety hazards. Specifically:

Degraded soldering quality: Overheating can lead to increased solder fluidity, which may cause excessive solder joints or solder accumulation, affecting soldering quality. In addition, overheating may also cause solder joints to turn white, have no metallic luster, have a rough surface, easily peel off, and reduce strength.

Component damage: High temperature accelerates the aging process of electronic components and shortens their life. Long-term overheating may cause damage, burning or failure of electronic components, requiring more frequent component replacement, and increasing repair and maintenance costs.

Safety hazards: Overheating may cause fire risks. In extreme cases, overheated PCB boards may cause wires, cables and other materials to melt, causing fires.

Do and don’ts of soldering?

The precautions for PCB soldering include the following aspects:

1. Selection of soldering materials and flux:

Soldering materials: Commonly used soldering materials include tin-lead solder, which is suitable for general electronic product assembly due to its low melting point, high mechanical strength, low surface tension, and good oxidation resistance.

Flux: Flux is divided into solder resist and soldering flux. The soldering flux is mainly used to remove oxide film, prevent oxidation, reduce surface tension, and increase solder fluidity. Commonly used soldering fluxes include rosin series, which are non-corrosive and suitable for electronic assembly soldering.

2. Key points of welding technology:

Surface treatment of weldment: Remove rust, oil, dust and other impurities on the welding surface.

Pre-soldering: Pre-moisten the welding parts of component leads or wires with solder to reduce welding errors.

Appropriate amount of flux: Rosin water should only wet the solder joints to be formed to avoid excessive use resulting in excessive solder joints or cold solder joints.

Keep the soldering tip clean: The soldering tip needs to be cleaned regularly to prevent oxidation from affecting the heating effect.

3. Control of welding temperature and time:

Temperature control: Too high or too low temperature of the soldering iron will affect the welding quality. It is recommended to use a white light adjustable soldering iron, the temperature is about 350°C for lead soldering, and the temperature is about 380°C for lead-free soldering.

Time control: Select the appropriate heat and time according to the size and shape of the solder joint to ensure the full melting of the solder and the activation of the active flux.

4. Soldering sequence and component placement:

Soldering sequence: Prioritize soldering of smaller components, such as resistors and capacitors, and finally solder larger components and connectors.

Component placement: Components should be neatly, centered, and placed on the board surface, and pay attention to the polarity of the components.

5. Ventilation and safety measures:

Ventilation: Harmful gases will be generated during welding, and exhaust fans or other ventilation equipment must be equipped.

Safe operation: Ensure the safety of the operating process, circuit boards and welding tools, and use anti-static tools and protective measures.

What temperature does solder reflow at?

The reflow temperature range of solder during reflow soldering is usually between 220-260℃. Specifically, the four key temperature zones of reflow soldering and their temperatures and times are as follows:

Preheating zone: The temperature is usually set at 150-200℃ for 60-120 seconds. The purpose of this stage is to preheat the circuit board and components to reduce thermal stress and avoid thermal shock.

Wetting zone: The temperature range is 180-230℃ for 30-90 seconds. At this stage, the solder paste begins to melt and penetrate into the solder joints, preparing for the next reflow stage.

Reflow zone: The temperature is usually 220-260℃ for 30-60 seconds. At this stage, the solder paste is completely melted to form a stable solder joint. Too high a temperature or too long a time may cause the solder joint to overheat, while too low or too short a time may cause the solder joint to be loose.

Cooling zone: The temperature drops below 70℃ for 60-120 seconds. The rapid cooling process helps to reduce the thermal stress of the solder joints and improve the reliability and stability of the product.

In addition, the solder paste will go through four stages during the reflow process: solvent volatilization, oxide removal, melting and reflow, and cooling and solidification. The temperature and time settings of these stages are crucial to ensure the quality of welding and product reliability.

How to remove old solder?

There are mainly the following ways to remove old solder:

Use a solder sucker: The solder sucker is a commonly used tool, especially suitable for soldering work on precision circuits. When using a solder sucker, first heat the soldering iron to melt the solder joint, then gently place the solder sucker on the solder joint, and the molten solder will be absorbed by the solder sucker.

Use anhydrous ethanol or alcohol above 95%: Dip anhydrous ethanol or high-concentration alcohol on a soft brush, brush the solder joint, and then dry it with absorbent cotton.

Ultrasonic cleaning: Ultrasonic cleaning uses the high-frequency oscillation of ultrasound to produce a cavitation effect, which removes the dirt on the solder joint and accelerates the dissolution process of the cleaning fluid.

Manual cleaning: Use manual tools such as tweezers, scrapers, etc. to directly clean the residual solder on the solder joint. This method is simple but inefficient, and it is easy to damage solder joints and components.

Use special tools: such as desoldering mesh wire, desoldering braided belt, etc. Desoldering mesh wire is made of alloy copper wire and is suitable for removing excess solder on SMT parts solder joints and electronic components of PCB.

In short, the PCB welding temperature is determined by many factors. The melting point of tin-lead solder is 183℃ – 327℃, and the lead-free solder is 217℃ – 227℃; the tools are different, the electric soldering iron solders fine boards at 20 – 30W, 280℃ – 320℃, the hot air gun removes lead chips at 300℃ – 350℃, and the lead-free chips at 380℃ – 420℃. Special scenes are adjusted as needed, and instrument monitoring and calibration are required to ensure the quality of solder joints and products.

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The Importance of Circuit Board Pattern Purpose

Thursday, December 26th, 2024

The purpose of circuit board pattern is very critical and practical. Conductive lines are like “roads” on circuit boards, which are responsible for connecting various electronic components so that current can pass smoothly and realize electrical functions. Pads are the “landing points” of components. Pads of different shapes and sizes correspond to different components. For example, the pads of chip capacitors are small and regular, ensuring accurate welding of capacitors.

What is a circuit pattern?

A circuit pattern is a diagram that uses graphic symbols and lines to represent the circuit connection. It is mainly used to reflect the electrical connection and working principle of each component in an electronic device.

The Importance of Circuit Board Pattern Purpose

Basic components of circuit patterns

Electronic component symbols: Each electronic component has its own specific symbol to represent the function and characteristics of the component in the circuit. Common electronic component symbols include resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, triodes, integrated circuits, etc.

Connecting wires: used to connect electronic component symbols to indicate the electrical connection between electronic components. In circuit diagrams, connecting wires are usually represented by solid lines to represent the conductive circuit path, and dotted lines to represent control signals or other special connections.

Power and ground: The power supply is the energy source for the circuit to work, usually represented by a circle or rectangle, with the voltage value and polarity of the power supply marked on it. The ground is the reference potential point in the circuit, usually represented by a triangle or ground symbol.

Labels and annotations: Used to explain the parameters, models, functions of electronic components and the working principle of the circuit. Labels and annotations can be in words, numbers, symbols, etc.

What are the types of circuit board patterns?

The types of circuit board patterns mainly include the following:

Schematic diagram: The schematic diagram, also known as the electrical schematic diagram, is a basic drawing that shows the working principle of the electronic circuit. It draws all the components in the circuit and their connection methods in detail, and is an important reference for designing, analyzing and repairing circuits.

Block diagram: The block diagram is a simplified circuit diagram that uses boxes and wires to represent the main functions and composition of the circuit. It does not show each component in detail, but divides the circuit into several functional modules, each module is represented by a box, and its function is marked.

Assembly drawing: The assembly drawing is a drawing drawn for the actual assembly of the circuit, which details the position, installation method and connection relationship of each component in the circuit. The symbols on the assembly drawing are usually the physical appearance of the components, which facilitates the actual assembly of the circuit according to the drawings.

Printed board drawing: The printed board drawing is also called the printed circuit board drawing or printed circuit board drawing, which shows the layout and connection relationship of the components on the PCB. The symbols and lines on the printed board drawing indicate the connection relationship between the copper foil lines on the PCB and the component pins, ensuring the correctness and reliability of the circuit.

What are the lines on a circuit board for?

The lines on the circuit board are mainly used to connect various electronic components to ensure the normal operation of electronic equipment. Specifically, the lines on the circuit board have the following main functions:

Connecting electronic components: The lines on the circuit board connect electronic components such as chips, capacitors, resistors, etc. through wires, jumpers, etc. to form a complete circuit, thereby ensuring that the electronic equipment can work properly.

Power supply and signal transmission: The power supply line is responsible for providing energy to each unit circuit on the circuit board to ensure the normal operation of the equipment. The signal line is used to transmit various signals, such as audio and video signals.

Grounding and protection: The ground wire is used to ground each electronic component to ensure the safety of electronic products. The protection circuit monitors the operating status of the circuit to prevent abnormal conditions such as overvoltage and overcurrent from damaging the equipment.

Data and control: Data lines are used to transmit various data, and control lines are used to control various operations of electronic products.

In addition, the design and maintenance of the circuit board are also the key to ensuring the normal function of the circuit. When designing, factors such as the layout, width, number of layers, impedance matching and signal-to-noise ratio of the line need to be considered to ensure the stability and transmission quality of the line.

What is schematic diagram and why is it important in making PCB layout?

A schematic diagram is a diagram that shows the connection relationship between the components in the circuit. It graphically shows the connection relationship and signal flow of the components in the circuit. It is not only a preliminary idea of the circuit design, but also a key reference for subsequent PCB layout and wiring.

The importance of schematic diagrams in PCB layout

Design basis: The schematic diagram provides the basic framework and connection relationship for PCB design. Designers determine the location of components and the number of layers of the circuit board by analyzing the schematic diagram.

Quality control: The design quality of the schematic diagram directly affects the quality of the entire project. Accurately understanding the design requirements, selecting appropriate components and verifying them are the keys to ensuring the correctness of the schematic diagram.

Wiring basis: Schematic diagram is the basis of PCB wiring. By analyzing the schematic diagram, designers can determine the location of components and the layout of the circuit board to ensure smooth signal transmission and avoid problems such as short circuit and open circuit.

Debugging and maintenance: In the process of product debugging, maintenance and improvement, the schematic diagram plays an indispensable role, helping technicians to quickly locate problems and repair them.

What is the purpose of a PCB layout?

The main purpose of PCB layout is to optimize circuit performance and reduce costs. Specifically, PCB layout involves the reasonable arrangement and connection of electronic components according to the predetermined circuit diagram design to ensure that the physical structure and electrical connection of the circuit board meet the design requirements, thereby ensuring the normal operation and stable performance of the circuit.

How to understand PCB layout?

PCB layout refers to the process of placing electronic components on a printed circuit board (PCB) in a reasonable manner. This process not only involves the arrangement of physical locations, but also requires consideration of electrical performance, manufacturing, and maintenance.

Basic principles and steps of PCB layout

Schematic diagram analysis: Before PCB layout, you need to understand the schematic diagram and analyze the circuit. This includes distinguishing the circuit according to analog circuits and digital circuits. At the same time, mark out the heat-generating devices and easily interfered devices in the circuit.

Modular layout: Based on the understanding of the schematic diagram, a modular layout can be established. Select each circuit module and place it in a specific area on the PCB to facilitate subsequent wiring and debugging.

Signal flow layout: For simple circuits, a signal flow layout can be adopted, usually based on the flow of power signals.

Center-radiant layout: For complex circuits, especially those involving multiple devices and diverse functions, a center-radiant layout can be adopted, usually with the CPU as the center, and then layout for its peripheral circuits.

Considerations for PCB layout

Electrical performance: High-frequency components and low-frequency components need to be placed in different areas to avoid mutual interference. The wiring length also needs to be optimized, and shortening the critical signal path can reduce delays.

Heat dissipation performance: For components with high power and high heat generation, a reasonable layout can provide them with a good heat dissipation channel to prevent components from being damaged due to overheating.

Manufacturing: A good layout facilitates the installation and welding of components by automated production equipment, improving production efficiency and product quality.

Maintenance: A clear and organized layout facilitates the later maintenance personnel to quickly locate and replace faulty components, reducing maintenance costs and time.

What is patterning in PCB?

Patterning in PCB is the process of making conductive copper foil into specific patterns and circuits on insulating materials according to the design. The steps are as follows:

Inner layer production: Clean the copper clad board and apply photosensitive film; stack the copper clad board with PCB layout film, irradiate with UV lamp, clean with alkali solution, etch off the copper foil under the uncured film, and then tear off the film to get the inner layer circuit.

Hole wall copper plating and outer layer patterning: Chemical deposition on the hole wall and surface copper plating; repeat the pattern transfer and etching steps on the outer layer to form the final conductor pattern.

Solder mask and silk screen printing: Apply solder mask ink and pattern to protect the circuit and facilitate installation; silk screen printing is used for identification, mostly white or black.

Through these steps, the conductive copper foil is accurately patterned on the insulating material to form a printed circuit board with specific functions and layout.

In short, the circuit board pattern is crucial. Conductive circuits ensure electrical connections and drive components to work together; pads adapt to various components to ensure stable installation; logos and silk screens help workers assemble and maintenance personnel troubleshoot; large areas of copper foil dissipate heat and metallized areas shield electromagnetic interference to maintain stable operation of the circuit board.

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What is the density of FR4?

Tuesday, December 24th, 2024

What is the density of FR4?The density of FR4 generally ranges from 1.9g/cm³ to 2.2g/cm³. FR4 is a glass fiber epoxy laminate commonly used in PCB manufacturing. It has high mechanical strength, good heat resistance and excellent electrical properties, so it is widely used in the manufacture of electronic products.

How much does FR4 weigh?

The weight of FR4 varies depending on the thickness and size of the board. It is an epoxy glass fiber cloth laminate, and its weight mainly depends on its volume and density.

The formula for calculating weight (W) is W = ρ*V, where (V) is volume and (ρ) is density.

Therefore, the weight of FR4 depends on its volume (determined by length, width, and thickness) and density. After knowing the specific size and density, the weight can be accurately calculated.

What is the raw material of FR4?

The raw materials of FR4 mainly include glass fiber and epoxy resin.

FR4 is a composite material made of glass fiber cloth impregnated with epoxy resin and then formed under high temperature and high pressure.

Specifically, FR4 is an epoxy board with a flame retardant grade of 4. Its raw materials include epoxy resin, an organic polymer compound, and glass fiber. This material has excellent insulation, mechanical strength and heat resistance, and is widely used in the electronics industry.

How thick is FR4 PCB material?

The common thickness range of FR4 PCB material is 0.2mm to 3.2mm, of which the most common thickness is 1.6mm.

Specific common thicknesses include 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm, 1.0mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.8mm, 2.0mm, etc.

In addition, the common thickness of FR4 rigid board is 0.8-3.2mm, while the common thickness of thin board is less than 0.78mm.

What are the properties of FR4 material?

The main properties of FR4 material include flame retardancy, mechanical properties, electrical properties, heat resistance, chemical resistance and environmental protection.

Flame retardancy: The “FR” in FR4 material stands for “Flame-Retardant”, which means flame retardant. It contains special chemicals that can slow down the spread of fire when a fire occurs and protect electronic equipment from damage.

Mechanical properties: FR4 has high strength and stiffness, with tensile strength and compressive strength of up to 65,000 psi and 38,000 psi respectively, which makes it perform well when subjected to mechanical stress.

Electrical properties: FR4 maintains good insulation properties in both dry and humid environments. Its dielectric constant is 4.2-4.7, and the dielectric constant changes with temperature, but it does not change much in the temperature range of 0-70 degrees.

Heat resistance: The heat resistance of FR4 is represented by the glass transition temperature (Tg), which is usually 130°C, 140°C, 150°C or 170°C. It will not deform or melt when used at 160°C, ensuring the stability and service life of the material.

Chemical resistance: FR4 has good chemical resistance and can resist erosion in corrosive environments such as acids and alkalis.

Environmental protection: With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the environmental protection characteristics of FR4 are also valued. Its flame retardant rating reaches 94V-0, and it produces almost no harmful gases when burning, which is more friendly to the environment and human health.

What does the 4 stand for in FR4?

The “4” in FR4 represents its material grade and specific chemical composition.

FR4 is a flame-retardant glass fiber reinforced epoxy laminate, where “FR” stands for “Flame Retardant” and the number “4” indicates the specific grade of this material.

Specifically, FR4 is a double-sided copper-clad PCB board made of epoxy resin and glass fiber cloth, which has excellent mechanical strength, electrical insulation, heat resistance and flame retardancy.

FR4 has a flame retardant rating of UL94 V-0, which means that it can quickly self-extinguish when burning, greatly improving the safety of electronic products. In addition, FR4 also has excellent mechanical properties, can withstand high temperatures and physical stress, and has good electrical insulation and low moisture absorption, making it suitable for a variety of electronic devices.

What is high Tg FR4 material?

High Tg FR4 material is a special printed circuit board material with a high glass transition temperature (Tg), usually above 170°C. High Tg FR4 material can maintain stable performance and shape in high temperature environments, so it is widely used in electronic devices that need to withstand high temperature and high stress environments.

Advantages and application areas of high Tg FR4 material

High temperature resistance: High Tg FR4 material can maintain the stability of shape and performance in high temperature environments, and is suitable for high temperature electronic equipment, automotive electronics, aerospace and communication equipment and other fields.

Good electrical properties: Even at high temperatures, high Tg FR4 material can still maintain good electrical properties to ensure the stable operation of the circuit.

Stable mechanical properties: High Tg FR4 material has a low coefficient of thermal expansion and can maintain its shape at high temperatures, avoiding curling and deformation.

Why is FR4 used in PCB?

There are several reasons why FR4 material is widely used in PCB:

Good insulation: In a circuit, it is crucial to prevent current from flowing in unintended paths. FR4 material is an excellent insulator that can effectively isolate different conductive lines, avoid short circuits, and ensure the normal operation of the circuit.

Stable dielectric constant: The dielectric constant of FR4 is relatively stable, which is very critical for the transmission of high-frequency signals. A stable dielectric constant can reduce signal delays and distortion during transmission and ensure signal integrity.

Good dimensional stability: FR4 has a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and its dimensional changes are small when the temperature changes, which can keep the PCB size relatively stable and ensure that the connection between electronic components will not loosen or be damaged due to thermal expansion and contraction.

Chemical corrosion resistance: FR4 material has good tolerance to many common chemicals and can resist corrosion from chemicals such as acids, alkalis, and salts, thereby protecting the internal structure and electrical performance of the PCB from damage.

Good moisture resistance: Moisture is one of the biggest enemies of electronic equipment, which may cause circuit short circuits, component damage and other problems. FR4 material has a certain moisture resistance, which can prevent the intrusion of moisture and reduce the risk of PCB failure in a humid environment.

Easy to process and shape: FR4 material can be easily made into PCBs of various shapes and sizes through a variety of processing techniques. It is suitable for conventional PCB manufacturing processes such as drilling, cutting, and etching, and can ensure high processing accuracy and quality.

Relatively low cost: Compared with some high-end special materials, the cost of FR4 material is more reasonable. While meeting the performance requirements of most electronic devices for PCBs, it can effectively control production costs.

In short, the density of FR4 is determined by raw materials and processes. This density has a significant impact on the mechanical properties, electrical properties, and processing technology of the PCB. In production, rigorous measurement and quality control are used to ensure that the density meets the standards. As a professional PCB manufacturer, BEST Technology is well aware of the key role of FR4 density. From material selection to processing, it strictly follows the standards and relies on exquisite craftsmanship to create PCBs with excellent performance for customers to meet diverse electronic needs.

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Understanding Aluminum Backed PCBs: Benefits and Uses

Monday, December 23rd, 2024

Learn everything about aluminum backed PCBs, including their advantages, limitations, and how they handle heat.

Aluminum-backed PCBs, also known as aluminum PCBs or aluminum core PCBs. These PCBs offer a unique combination of excellent thermal conductivity and structural strength, making them ideal for applications like LED lighting, power electronics, and automotive circuits.

What Is Aluminum Backed PCB?

An aluminum-backed PCB is a type of printed circuit board (PCB) where the base layer is made of aluminum rather than the traditional fiberglass or other materials. The key difference is the metal core, which significantly enhances the thermal conductivity of the PCB. The aluminum core is typically covered with a dielectric layer that isolates the conductive circuit from the metal base, allowing the PCB to maintain its electrical properties while providing better heat dissipation.

The combination of the aluminum base and the dielectric layer makes these PCBs ideal for high-power applications where heat management is essential. The aluminum core helps quickly dissipate heat away from sensitive components, thus improving the overall efficiency and lifespan of the device.

Understanding Aluminum Backed PCBs: Benefits and Uses

What Temperature Can Aluminum PCB Withstand?

Aluminum PCBs are designed to withstand high temperatures, but the exact temperature tolerance depends on several factors, including the thickness of the aluminum substrate and the quality of the dielectric layer. In general, aluminum-backed PCBs can handle temperatures up to about 130°C. However, it’s important to note that the temperature tolerance also depends on the specific materials used in the construction of the PCB and the environmental conditions in which it operates.

For high-power applications like LEDs, where heat is generated during operation, aluminum PCBs are a great choice because they help maintain lower temperatures. By dissipating heat effectively, they prevent components from overheating, which could otherwise damage the circuits.

How Thick Is the Dielectric Layer of Aluminum PCB?

The dielectric layer of an aluminum PCB plays a crucial role in providing electrical insulation while also allowing heat to be transferred away from sensitive components. The thickness of the dielectric layer typically ranges from 50µm to 200µm, depending on the application and the desired thermal performance.

Thicker dielectric layers are used in high-power applications where enhanced electrical insulation and thermal management are required.

What Are the Advantages of Aluminum PCB?

Aluminum PCBs offer several advantages, which make them an attractive choice for many industries. Here are some of the most notable benefits:

1. Superior Heat Dissipation: One of the key advantages of aluminum-backed PCBs is their excellent thermal conductivity. The metal base helps quickly dissipate heat away from the components, reducing the risk of overheating and prolonging the lifespan of the device. This makes them ideal for applications like LED lighting, power supplies, and high-power electronic devices.

2. Lightweight and Durable: Despite being made from metal, aluminum PCBs are lightweight yet durable. The metal core provides structural integrity without adding unnecessary weight, which is especially important in industries like automotive and aerospace.

3. Enhanced Performance: The combination of a high-quality dielectric layer and the aluminum substrate leads to better electrical performance, especially in high-current applications. Aluminum PCBs provide a stable platform for components to function optimally, minimizing electrical noise and interference.

4. Cost-Effective: Compared to other types of dissipation heat materials, aluminum-backed PCBs can be more cost-effective, especially for applications where heat dissipation is critical. Their lower manufacturing costs combined with higher production efficiency can reduce overall production costs, making them a preferred option for many applications.

5. Widely Applications: Aluminum-backed PCBs are primarily used in applications where heat dissipation is a concern. They are excellent for high-power applications, audio device, Communication electronics, Office automation equipment, automobile, computer, and etc. As a chief manufacturer partner for aluminum PCB, Best Technology provides custom service and full turn-key solutions. For more information or any inquiry, warm welcome to reach out to us via sales@bestpcbs.com.

What Are the Disadvantages of Aluminum PCB?

While aluminum-backed PCBs offer numerous benefits, there are some drawbacks to consider. However, these limitations are generally outweighed by their advantages in many applications. Let’s look at a few of the challenges:

1. More Complex Manufacturing Process: The manufacturing process for aluminum-backed PCBs can be more complex compared to traditional PCBs. This complexity can increase the production time and cost, especially for custom designs.

2. Mechanical Stress: Aluminum is a relatively soft metal, which means it can be prone to deformation or bending under mechanical stress. This makes it unsuitable for applications where the PCB will be subject to harsh physical conditions or mechanical pressure.

3. Conductive Issues: The surface of aluminum PCB is prone to oxidation. Besides, The heat conductivity coefficient of aluminum is relatively low. Thus the metal core of aluminum PCBs can sometimes create challenges in terms of electrical grounding. Proper design and careful manufacturing are essential to ensure that the electrical properties of the PCB are maintained.

Why Is Aluminum No Longer Used in Integrated Circuits?

While aluminum used to be a common material for integrated circuits (ICs), it has largely been replaced by copper and other materials in modern IC manufacturing. There are several reasons for this shift:

1. Better Electrical Conductivity of Copper: Copper has better electrical conductivity than aluminum, making it the material of choice for interconnects in integrated circuits. Copper’s lower resistance allows for faster signal transmission and better overall performance.

2. Miniaturization of ICs: As ICs have become smaller and more complex, aluminum’s larger size and weaker electrical properties no longer meet the demands of modern integrated circuit design. Copper allows for the miniaturization of ICs without sacrificing performance.

3. Corrosion Resistance: Aluminum is more prone to oxidation compared to copper, which can affect the long-term reliability of integrated circuits. Copper, on the other hand, is more resistant to corrosion and offers better durability.

Despite these factors, aluminum still plays a crucial role in specific applications, particularly in PCBs where heat dissipation is the primary concern. Its ability to manage heat effectively makes it a valuable material in the realm of power electronics and LED technology. At Best Technology, quality is the priority. With 18 years manufacturing experience, we can provide high-quality Aluminum Backed PCBs solutions with fast delivery. Pls feel free to contact us to get more information and personalized solutions.

In a nutshell, aluminum-backed PCBs offer an effective solution for managing heat in high-power applications, making them a popular choice in industries like LED lighting, automotive electronics, and power supply systems. With advantages like superior thermal conductivity and lightweight durability, aluminum PCBs are a top choice for projects that require efficient heat dissipation.

However, they do come with some challenges, including more complex manufacturing processes and potential mechanical stress. Understanding these limitations is key to determining whether an aluminum PCB is the right choice for your specific needs. Whether you’re designing a custom aluminum PCB for LED lighting or exploring its benefits for power electronics, these PCBs offer unique advantages that make them a valuable asset in modern electronic design.

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How to use a pcb prototype board?

Friday, December 20th, 2024

How to use a pcb prototype board? To use a PCB prototype board, you need to prepare components and tools according to the design, check the board, lay out the components reasonably and solder them. After soldering, first visually inspect, then power on and test each module with an oscilloscope, etc. If there is a problem, check the connection, change components, and adjust parameters to debug. Clean and store it after use.

What is a PCB prototype?

PCB prototypes are early samples of products, mainly used to test design concepts and verify the feasibility of designs. It not only tests basic user functions, but also needs to have certain functionality to ensure that the overall function of the design can operate normally. During the PCB prototype production process, engineers can test different PCB designs and manufacturing specifications to find the best solution.

The role of PCB prototypes:

Shorten time: Through PCB prototypes, design engineers can quickly and accurately test design problems and reduce the number of design iterations, thereby shortening the design cycle and reducing costs.

Improve customer satisfaction: Customers can see product prototypes in advance, which can better communicate needs, reduce misunderstandings and rework during design and production, and ensure that the final product meets customer needs.

Ensure design feasibility: PCB prototypes can test circuit boards before production, discover and fix potential design defects, and avoid rework and cost waste after production.

How to make PCB prototyping?

The following are brief steps to make PCB prototypes:

Step 1: Design circuit schematics

Use the schematic capture tool to select components according to circuit functional requirements and connect them logically in the software. After drawing, check its logic and integrity, and use the electrical rule check function to troubleshoot errors to ensure that it meets the requirements.

Step 2: Plan PCB layout

Import components into the layout software, place them reasonably according to component characteristics, plan wiring at the same time, take into account power lines, ground lines and high-speed signal wiring requirements, and adjust components and wiring to meet rules and space restrictions.

Step 3: Generate production files

Generate Gerber files, make BOM materials list at the same time, and communicate with manufacturers to ensure that the files meet production requirements.

Step 4: Select the manufacturing method

Choose breadboard (flexible but high contact resistance, etc.), perforated board (needs soldering, more stable but more complicated wiring) or PCB manufacturing (high quality but high cost, long cycle) according to the complexity, size and budget of the circuit.

Step 5: Manufacture PCB board

Breadboard directly plugs components and connects jumpers; perforated board needs to solder components; PCB manufacturing gives relevant documents to manufacturers for production according to the process, and maintains communication during the process to ensure quality and delivery.

Step 6: Drilling

Choose a drill bit according to the size of the component pin, use a drilling machine to drill vertically, control the depth, especially for multi-layer boards, and clean up the debris in the hole after drilling.

Step 7: Soldering components

After cleaning the component pins, place them in the corresponding position of the PCB, use a soldering iron, solder wire (hot air gun for patch, etc.) to solder according to specifications, and check the quality of the solder joints after soldering to ensure that there are no problems such as false soldering and short circuits.

Step 8: Test the circuit board

Perform visual inspection (look at the appearance, component installation, solder joints, etc.), functional testing (input signals according to the designed functions to see if the output meets expectations) and electrical testing (use instruments to measure whether the electrical parameters are normal) to promptly troubleshoot and repair problems.

How much does a PCB prototype cost?

The cost of a PCB prototype varies depending on many factors, mainly including circuit board size, number of layers, materials, process complexity, etc.

Circuit board size: The larger the circuit board, the higher the cost.

Number of layers: Multi-layer circuit boards are usually more expensive than single-layer or double-layer circuit boards because the manufacturing process is more complicated.

Material type: Different materials have different costs, and high-performance materials are usually more expensive.

Surface treatment: Surface treatment processes such as gold plating and immersion gold will affect the cost.

Minimum line width, line spacing, aperture: The higher the accuracy requirements of these parameters, the higher the cost.

Special requirements: Additional requirements such as impedance control and special markings will increase the cost.

What is the difference between prototype PCB and assembly?

The main difference between prototype PCB and assembly lies in their purpose, quantity, production cycle and cost.

1. Purpose and quantity

Prototype PCB: Mainly used to test and verify the design, ensure the feasibility and performance of the design in practical applications, and its quantity is usually large.

Assembly: Usually refers to mass production, the quantity is usually more than 500 pieces, or even thousands of pieces.

2. Production cycle and cost

Prototype PCB: The production cycle is short, usually no more than 10 days, suitable for rapid testing and adjustment of the design. Although the unit price is high, the total cost is low because problems can be discovered and solved in time to avoid losses during mass production.

Assembly: The production cycle is long, generally 20-25 days. The unit price is low, but the total cost is high because a large number of products need to be produced.

3. Design and production process

Flexibility: The prototype PCB production process is more flexible and can be adjusted and modified according to design requirements.

Quality control: The quality control standards of prototype PCB can be moderately relaxed to complete production faster. Mass production requires strict quality control to ensure that each board is defect-free.

Is a breadboard a protoboard?

A breadboard is a prototype board, also known as a solderless breadboard or a universal circuit board. It is mainly used for prototyping and experimental verification of electronic circuits. It can quickly assemble and test circuits without soldering.

The structure of a breadboard includes a conductive hard substrate, an insulating material layer, and an epoxy glass cloth board or a double-sided glass cloth board covered with a copper layer. There are many holes on the top for plugging electronic components, such as DIP (dual in-line package), SMD (surface mount device) and THT (through-hole technology).

The breadboard uses U-shaped metal contacts to hold component leads and wire segments inserted through holes, and uses spring tension to fix components, providing a flexible and convenient way to connect circuits.

The use scenarios of breadboards are very wide, suitable for prototyping and debugging of various electronic projects. Due to its characteristics of not requiring soldering, breadboards are particularly suitable for beginners and experimenters who need to frequently replace components.

What is the difference between PCB prototype and breadboard?

PCB prototype and breadboard have the following main differences in prototyping:

1. Usage:

Breadboard: When using breadboard for circuit construction, you only need to insert the component pins into the corresponding small holes, without soldering, which is very suitable for temporary circuit testing and small-scale prototyping.

PCB prototype: You need to use circuit design software to draw a circuit diagram first, and then convert the design into conductive lines and component layout on the PCB. The PCB is made through a series of processes, and finally the components are soldered to the PCB to complete the circuit construction.

2. Advantages and disadvantages:

Breadboard:

Advantages: easy to use, flexible, can quickly build and modify circuits; no professional tools and equipment are required, suitable for beginners and small-scale production.

Disadvantages: The circuit connection is not stable enough and is easily affected by vibration and temperature difference; it is not suitable for large-scale production and complex circuit design; after long-term use, the metal contact points are easily oxidized and cause poor contact.

PCB prototype:

Advantages: The circuit connection is stable and reliable, suitable for the design and production of various complex circuits; it can achieve high-density wiring and compact arrangement of components; it is easy to realize automated production and batch replication; it has good protection performance and can resist interference from the external environment.

Disadvantages: The design and production costs are relatively high, requiring professional knowledge and skills support; the production cycle is long, not suitable for rapid prototyping and temporary testing needs; once the production is completed, the circuit structure and component layout are not easy to modify.

3. Applicable scenarios:

Breadboard: suitable for beginners and small-scale prototyping, as well as temporary circuit testing.

PCB prototype: suitable for the design and production of complex circuits, as well as the needs of large-scale production and long-term stable operation.

What are the three types of breadboards?

Breadboards are mainly of the following three types: solderless breadboard, single breadboard and combination breadboard.

Solderless breadboard: This breadboard has no soldered power socket, is small in size, easy to carry, and is suitable for small circuit experiments. Its disadvantage is that the power connection is inconvenient and not suitable for large-scale circuit experiments.

Single breadboard: Single breadboard is small in size, easy to carry, and can be easily turned on and off. But its disadvantage is that it is small in area and not suitable for large-scale circuit experiments.

Combination breadboard: Combination breadboard is to fix multiple solderless breadboards on the motherboard, and connect the power lines of each board together through the copper foil in the motherboard.

The use of PCB prototype board covers several key steps such as preparation, inspection, layout welding, testing and debugging, and maintenance and preservation. As a professional PCB manufacturer, BEST Technology has rich practical experience in the design and development of PCB prototypes. From the precise drawing of the schematic to the high-quality prototype production, every link is strictly controlled to ensure the provision of excellent performance, stable and reliable PCB prototypes.

Tags:PCB, pcb prototype
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