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What’s the Countersink and counter bore on a PCB drawing?
Wednesday, September 30th, 2020

Firstly, do you know what’s a countersink and counter bore?

By definition, a countersink is a stepped hole, which can allow the fasten parts head to sink fully to the parts.

With counter sink on your design, the tapered head of a screw can sit flush with the top of the laminate, commonly countersink is used to install bolts or other connecting parts.

Below is the example for the hole drawing and picture for a countersink:

Picture: counterbore holes attributes

To drill your countersunk holes accurately in our PCB fabrication plant, the following information is need to be defined when you supply the PCB drawing for us to make the PCB:

  • Which side of the board is the countersink hole should be drilled, on top or bottom?
  • Is the sink and shaft to be through plated or non-plated?
  • Taper angle or countersink angle. 82°, 90°,120° etc.
  • Countersink diameter of top
  • Countersink diameter of bottom (body)
  • Depth of the countersink is to be drilled(the height of the screw to determine the countersink depth.

By comparison, a counterbore makes a flat-bottomed hole and its sides are drilled straight down. This is usually used when a fastener such as a bolt or cap head screw is required to sit flush with or below the level of a surface.

Below is the drawing and picture for a countersink.

Same as the countersink, the counterbore holes attributes drawing is needed to supply with your PCB drawing when fabricate the counterbored holes. But for counterbore on PCB, because the sides of the hole are always parallel, there is no need to specify the angle.

With below drawing, believe it will be more helpful for you to understand the difference for a counter sink hole and counterbore on the printed circuits board.

If need to have any question regarding the counter sunk or counter board on a PCB drawing, please contact us feel free.

What is an HDI FR4 PCB?
Wednesday, September 16th, 2020

HDI abbreviation means High Density Interconnect. HDI PCBs have extremely density trace spaces and lines, micro vias under 0.25mm(10mil), smaller pads and higher connection pad density. See the photo of HDI board laser drill& prepreg thickness ratio.

It is very helpful in enhancing electrical performance and HDI PCB use for high-end products and HDI PCB is regularly used in 4G network communications, medical, Military and Aerospace. See the HDI board which Best Tech made for customers.

HDI PCB is the better option for high-layer count and costly laminated boards. Due to the increasing complexity of design structures laminate, the Blind vias and Buried vias are increasingly used in high-density circuit boards (HDI PCB board). Best Tech always improved manufacture capability for HDI, following production capability of the comparison for 2020 and the capability which Best Tech want to achieve at year 2021.

Following is the advantages to use an HDI PCB

The common reason for using HDI technology is a significant increase in packaging density. In addition, overall space requirements are reduced will result in smaller board sizes and fewer layers. 

1.Denser trace

2.More stable performance

3.Reduce interference inductance and capacitance effects

4.Improve signal integrity in high-speed design

5. Reduce frequent relocation of components

What’s mean for a blind via hole?

It is a hole runs from an outer layer, but not through the entire PCB. These holes can be drilled mechanically or using laser technology.

And what’s mean for a buried via hole?

This is a hole that runs between one or more inner layers. They are normally mechanically drilled.

By the way, we would like to make some explain for the through via hole, see attached photo to know the detail.

Do you want to know the different types for HDI PCB boards?

The following photos mainly shows the different laminate structures available from Best Tech for HDI PCB for prototype and mass production.

What is the minimum pad size of hole on the outer and inner layer?

This is different from manufacturer to manufacturer, but in general you can say that the majority of manufacturers can produce them as follows:
A = 0.10 mm
B = 0.15 mm
C = 0.20 mm

Finally, here is an 8L HDI FR4 PCB which we made for our customer at June. See the stack up information.

Surface finish: ENIG(2u”)

Features

1. 3+(2)+3  HDI FR4 PCB board

2. L1 L2、L2 L3、 L3 L4、 L5 L6、 L6 L7、 L7 L8 laser blind hole, micro via size:0.15mm

3. L3、L6 mechanical blind hole, hole size:0.25mm, through hole:0.3mm

4. minimum trace width and space is 3/3mil

5. Finished board thickness: 1.3±10%

6. following is the stack up information

For more information for HDI PCB, welcome to send any query to Best Tech for advice.

How to prevent the FR4 PCB bended and warped after reflowing?
Wednesday, August 19th, 2020

Everyone may know that PCBs are easy to be bended or warped when get through the reflow process. Do you how to avoid this issue? here are some advices your reference.

  1. Reduce the effect of temperature on PCB board stress

Due to the “temperature” is the main source of stress for board, so as long as the temperature of the reflow oven reduce the temperature or slow the speed of warming up and cooling down in the reflow oven, the board bending and warping issue can be reduced. But it may be occurring other issues, such as short circuit when soldering. See Best Tech make control for the temperature of the reflowing process.

reflow machine

 2. Use high Tg plate

 Tg is the glass transition temperature. The lower of the Tg value, the faster of board starts to soften after finishing reflowing, and deformed of the board become more serious. if use of higher Tg 170 material can increase the ability to withstand stress deformation, but the price of TG170 material is higher. See the stock of high Tg material from Best Tech.

Use high Tg plate

3. Increase the board thickness

If final application allowed, we recommend 1.6mm thickness to prevent the risk of board bending. Best Tech can provide PCB board thickness to 4.5~8.0mm.

PCB board thickness
  • Try to reduce the size of the board and the number of panels during design

 Since most reflow oven use chains to driving the board forward, if larger size of the FR4 PCB, the own weight will be deformed in the reflow oven, so during design try to design the long side of the PCB as a board edge, it can reduce the deformed. And

Same reason, if there are many PCBs in a big panel, PCB will be bigger and heavier, when get through the oven, the speed in the oven will be slowly and it will influence the deformed of the PCB. See following PCB board, we only panel 1 single piece into a panel to keep the size of FR4 PCB panel not bigger.

pcb
pcb

5. Use the reflow carrier/tray

If above methods cannot get a good result for deforming, you maybe can use a reflow carrier/tray to reduce the deformation. The reason reflow tray can fix the circuit board, after the temperature of the printed circuit board is lower than the Tg value, it can maintain the original size.

pcb in tray

6. Use Router instead of V-Cut

Since V-Cut will destroy the structural strength of the panels, try to use Router PCB board or just reduce the depth of the V-Cut will helps the deform issue.

pcb
pcb

If you want to know more about how we control the bended and warped for PCB, you are welcome to contact us.