{"id":36595,"date":"2026-09-22T18:18:21","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T10:18:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/?p=36595"},"modified":"2026-09-21T18:38:37","modified_gmt":"2026-09-21T10:38:37","slug":"multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-mlcc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-mlcc\/","title":{"rendered":"Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor (MLCC): Types, Applications, Selection &#038; PCB Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-mlcc\/#Key_Takeaways\" >Key Takeaways<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-mlcc\/#What_Is_a_Multilayer_Ceramic_Capacitor_MLCC\" >What Is a Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor (MLCC)?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-mlcc\/#How_Does_a_Multilayer_Ceramic_Capacitor_Work\" >How Does a Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor Work?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-mlcc\/#What_Are_the_Main_MLCC_Dielectric_Types\" >What Are the Main MLCC Dielectric Types?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-mlcc\/#What_Specifications_Matter_When_Selecting_an_MLCC\" >What Specifications Matter When Selecting an MLCC?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-mlcc\/#What_Is_the_DC_Bias_Effect_in_MLCC_Capacitors\" >What Is the DC Bias Effect in MLCC Capacitors?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-mlcc\/#What_Are_Multilayer_Ceramic_Capacitors_Used_For\" >What Are Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors Used For?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-mlcc\/#SMD_Chip_Leaded_and_Axial_MLCCs_What_Is_the_Difference\" >SMD, Chip, Leaded and Axial MLCCs: What Is the Difference?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-mlcc\/#How_Are_Multilayer_Ceramic_Capacitors_Manufactured\" >How Are Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors Manufactured?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-mlcc\/#MLCC_vs_Tantalum_vs_Film_Capacitor_What_Is_the_Difference\" >MLCC vs Tantalum vs Film Capacitor: What Is the Difference?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-mlcc\/#What_PCB_Layout_Rules_Matter_for_MLCCs\" >What PCB Layout Rules Matter for MLCCs?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-mlcc\/#What_Causes_MLCC_Cracking_and_Failure\" >What Causes MLCC Cracking and Failure?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-mlcc\/#Who_Are_the_Major_Multilayer_Ceramic_Capacitor_Manufacturers\" >Who Are the Major Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor Manufacturers?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-mlcc\/#What_Should_Buyers_Check_Before_Approving_an_MLCC_for_PCBA\" >What Should Buyers Check Before Approving an MLCC for PCBA?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-mlcc\/#FAQ_About_Multilayer_Ceramic_Capacitors\" >FAQ About Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<div class=\"yzp-no-index\"><\/div><p>A <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-mlcc\/\">multilayer ceramic capacitor<\/a><\/strong> is one of the most widely used passive components in modern electronics. It provides compact, low-inductance capacitance for decoupling, filtering, power stabilization, RF circuits, automotive electronics, industrial control, and many other applications.<\/p>\n<p>Selecting an MLCC requires more than reading the value in the BOM. Dielectric type, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/07\/ceramic-capacitor-pcb-guide\/\">DC bias<\/a>, working voltage, case size, frequency, and PCB mechanical stress can all change how the capacitor behaves after assembly.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"max-width:600px;margin:24px auto 30px;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/p262-multilayer-ceramic-capacitors-mlcc.jpg\" alt=\"Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC with cutaway internal layer structure\" style=\"width:100%;max-width:600px;max-height:400px;height:auto;object-fit:contain;display:block;margin:0 auto;\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"eager\" fetchpriority=\"high\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"key-takeaways\">\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Takeaways\"><\/span>Key Takeaways<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>A <strong>multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC)<\/strong> is a non-polarized capacitor built from alternating ceramic dielectric and metal electrode layers.<\/li>\n<li>C0G\/NP0 offers high stability and low loss, while X7R and X5R provide much higher capacitance density.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nominal capacitance is not always the effective capacitance.<\/strong> Class II MLCCs can lose capacitance as DC voltage increases.<\/li>\n<li>Capacitance, working voltage, dielectric, case size, temperature range, ESR, ESL, self-resonant frequency, and termination type should be reviewed together.<\/li>\n<li>Most MLCCs are SMD chip components, but leaded, axial, radial, stacked, and low-inductance versions are also available.<\/li>\n<li>PCB bending, depaneling, screws, connectors, and rework can crack the ceramic body.<\/li>\n<li>Second-source approval should compare the exact electrical and mechanical behavior of the replacement part, not only its capacitance and package size.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_a_Multilayer_Ceramic_Capacitor_MLCC\"><\/span>What Is a Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor (MLCC)?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A <strong>multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC)<\/strong> is a non-polarized capacitor made from many alternating ceramic dielectric and metal electrode layers inside one compact monolithic body.<\/p>\n<p>The phrase multilayer ceramic capacitor MLCC describes the same stacked, monolithic capacitor technology.<\/p>\n<p>The internal electrodes are connected alternately to the two end terminations. This arrangement effectively places many small capacitor layers in parallel, allowing relatively high capacitance in a very small package.<\/p>\n<p>A typical MLCC contains ceramic dielectric layers, internal metal electrodes, external end terminations, barrier plating, and a solderable outer finish. SMD chip versions dominate modern electronics, although the same multilayer ceramic technology can appear in other package formats.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Does_a_Multilayer_Ceramic_Capacitor_Work\"><\/span>How Does a Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor Work?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>An MLCC stores charge between overlapping internal electrodes separated by very thin ceramic dielectric layers.<\/p>\n<p>The basic relationship is:<\/p>\n<p><b>Capacitance \u221d dielectric permittivity \u00d7 electrode area \u00f7 dielectric thickness<\/b><\/p>\n<p>This is why multilayer construction is effective. Capacitance can be increased by adding active layers, increasing electrode overlap, using higher-permittivity ceramic, or reducing dielectric thickness.<\/p>\n<p>Because the electrode layers are connected in parallel, increasing layer count raises the total effective electrode area without greatly increasing the component&#8217;s external size.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"max-width:600px;margin:24px auto 30px;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/p262-mlcc-internal-structure.jpg\" alt=\"MLCC cutaway showing ceramic layers internal electrodes and end termination\" style=\"width:100%;max-width:600px;max-height:400px;height:auto;object-fit:contain;display:block;margin:0 auto;\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Are_the_Main_MLCC_Dielectric_Types\"><\/span>What Are the Main MLCC Dielectric Types?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The main MLCC dielectric types are <strong>C0G\/NP0, X7R, X5R, and lower-stability ceramics such as Y5V or Z5U<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Dielectric<\/th>\n<th>Main Characteristic<\/th>\n<th>Typical Use<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>C0G \/ NP0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Very stable, low loss<\/td>\n<td>RF, resonant circuits, precision filtering<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>X7R<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>High capacitance density with moderate variation<\/td>\n<td>General decoupling and power filtering<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>X5R<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>High capacitance density in compact packages<\/td>\n<td>Low-voltage power rails and portable electronics<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Y5V \/ Z5U<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Very high nominal capacitance, poorer stability<\/td>\n<td>Limited non-precision applications<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>C0G is preferred when capacitance stability and low dielectric loss matter most. X7R and X5R are more common where higher capacitance density is needed for bypassing, decoupling, and power rails.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"max-width:600px;margin:24px auto 30px;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/p262-mlcc-dielectric-types.jpg\" alt=\"C0G NP0 X7R X5R Y5V Z5U MLCC dielectric comparison\" style=\"width:100%;max-width:600px;max-height:400px;height:auto;object-fit:contain;display:block;margin:0 auto;\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Specifications_Matter_When_Selecting_an_MLCC\"><\/span>What Specifications Matter When Selecting an MLCC?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The most important MLCC specifications are <strong>effective capacitance, working voltage, dielectric type, package size, temperature range, ESR, ESL, self-resonant frequency, and termination type<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Specification<\/th>\n<th>Check Item<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Capacitance<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Required nominal value<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Effective capacitance<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Actual capacitance at operating voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Rated voltage<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Electrical margin above working voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Dielectric<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>C0G, X7R, X5R or another class<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Tolerance<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Initial capacitance variation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Case size<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>PCB space and electrical behavior<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Temperature range<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Environmental requirement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>ESR<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Resistive loss and ripple behavior<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>ESL<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>High-frequency inductive behavior<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Self-resonant frequency<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Frequency range where the part remains capacitive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Termination type<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Standard or flex-resistant construction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Qualification<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Automotive or other reliability requirement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Working voltage deserves particular attention. Two capacitors with the same nominal capacitance and voltage rating can deliver very different effective capacitance under the same DC bias.<\/p>\n<p>For <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/products\/pcba.htm\">PCBA sourcing<\/a>, the exact manufacturer part number is more useful than a generic BOM description such as \u201c10 \u00b5F, 25 V, 0603.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_the_DC_Bias_Effect_in_MLCC_Capacitors\"><\/span>What Is the DC Bias Effect in MLCC Capacitors?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>DC bias is the reduction in effective capacitance that occurs in many Class II MLCCs when DC voltage is applied.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This effect is especially important for X7R and X5R parts. A capacitor marked 10 \u00b5F does not necessarily provide 10 \u00b5F at its actual operating voltage.<\/p>\n<p>The reduction depends on the dielectric formulation, rated voltage, applied voltage, nominal capacitance, case size, manufacturer series, and internal construction.<\/p>\n<p>Engineers should therefore check the manufacturer&#8217;s capacitance-vs-voltage curve for the exact part number. For power rails and regulator input\/output capacitors, effective capacitance at the real operating voltage is more useful than nominal capacitance.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"max-width:600px;margin:24px auto 30px;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/p262-mlcc-dc-bias.jpg\" alt=\"MLCC DC bias effect showing effective capacitance decreasing under DC voltage\" style=\"width:100%;max-width:600px;max-height:400px;height:auto;object-fit:contain;display:block;margin:0 auto;\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Are_Multilayer_Ceramic_Capacitors_Used_For\"><\/span>What Are Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors Used For?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>MLCCs are mainly used for <strong>decoupling, bypassing, power filtering, noise suppression, RF circuits, and signal conditioning<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Common multilayer ceramic capacitor applications range from local IC decoupling to power filtering, RF networks, and signal conditioning.<\/p>\n<p>Typical applications include processor and MCU power decoupling, FPGA and memory rails, DC-DC converters, LDO stabilization, RF matching, resonant circuits, automotive ECUs, industrial electronics, medical electronics, and communication equipment.<\/p>\n<p>For RF and precision circuits, C0G\/NP0 parts are commonly selected because their capacitance remains more stable. Automotive applications may add qualification and flex-resistant termination requirements.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"max-width:600px;margin:24px auto 30px;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/p262-mlcc-applications.jpg\" alt=\"MLCC applications in decoupling RF automotive and industrial electronics\" style=\"width:100%;max-width:600px;max-height:400px;height:auto;object-fit:contain;display:block;margin:0 auto;\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SMD_Chip_Leaded_and_Axial_MLCCs_What_Is_the_Difference\"><\/span>SMD, Chip, Leaded and Axial MLCCs: What Is the Difference?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>MLCCs are available in several package styles, although <strong>SMD chip MLCCs are by far the most common in modern PCB assembly<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>An SMD multilayer ceramic capacitor is optimized for automated pick-and-place and reflow assembly.<\/p>\n<p>SMD chip MLCCs support automated placement and reflow. Leaded, axial, and radial versions serve through-hole or legacy applications, while stacked and low-ESL constructions address higher capacitance, ripple, or high-frequency requirements.<\/p>\n<p>MLCC therefore describes the internal capacitor technology, not one fixed external package.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Are_Multilayer_Ceramic_Capacitors_Manufactured\"><\/span>How Are Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors Manufactured?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>MLCCs are manufactured by <strong>forming thin ceramic sheets, printing internal electrodes, stacking and laminating the layers, sintering the ceramic body, and then adding external terminations and electrical testing<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The multilayer ceramic capacitor manufacturing process controls layer thickness, electrode registration, densification, termination quality, and final electrical performance.<\/p>\n<p>The main production sequence is:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Green Sheet \u2192 Printing \u2192 Stacking \u2192 Lamination \u2192 Cutting \u2192 Sintering \u2192 Termination \u2192 Testing<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Uniform ceramic thickness, electrode alignment, lamination pressure, firing conditions, and termination quality all affect final capacitance and reliability.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"max-width:600px;margin:24px auto 30px;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/p262-mlcc-manufacturing-process.jpg\" alt=\"MLCC manufacturing process from green sheet printing stacking lamination cutting sintering termination to testing\" style=\"width:100%;max-width:600px;max-height:400px;height:auto;object-fit:contain;display:block;margin:0 auto;\" width=\"1672\" height=\"941\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MLCC_vs_Tantalum_vs_Film_Capacitor_What_Is_the_Difference\"><\/span>MLCC vs Tantalum vs Film Capacitor: What Is the Difference?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>MLCCs are generally smaller and lower in ESR\/ESL, tantalum capacitors provide more stable capacitance under DC bias, and film capacitors are often preferred for high stability, higher voltage, or power applications.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Factor<\/th>\n<th>MLCC<\/th>\n<th>Tantalum<\/th>\n<th>Film Capacitor<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Polarity<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Non-polarized<\/td>\n<td>Polarized<\/td>\n<td>Usually non-polarized<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Size<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Very compact<\/td>\n<td>Compact<\/td>\n<td>Usually larger<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>ESR \/ ESL<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Very low<\/td>\n<td>Moderate<\/td>\n<td>Application dependent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>DC bias effect<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Important for Class II<\/td>\n<td>Much smaller<\/td>\n<td>Generally low<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Capacitance stability<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Depends on dielectric<\/td>\n<td>Relatively stable under bias<\/td>\n<td>Generally stable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Mechanical concern<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Ceramic flex cracking<\/td>\n<td>Different failure modes<\/td>\n<td>Less ceramic-flex sensitivity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Typical use<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Decoupling, filtering, RF<\/td>\n<td>Bulk capacitance, power rails<\/td>\n<td>Power, filtering, precision<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>The final choice should be based on actual voltage, frequency, ripple current, temperature, PCB space, and reliability requirements.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_PCB_Layout_Rules_Matter_for_MLCCs\"><\/span>What PCB Layout Rules Matter for MLCCs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>MLCC layout should minimize <strong>electrical loop inductance and mechanical PCB strain<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>For decoupling, place the capacitor close to the relevant IC power pin, keep the power and ground connections short, and use low-inductance vias where appropriate.<\/p>\n<p>Mechanically, avoid placing sensitive ceramic capacitors immediately beside V-score lines, routing tabs, screw holes, large connectors, press-fit components, board edges, or other high-flex regions.<\/p>\n<p>Pad geometry should follow the component manufacturer&#8217;s recommended land pattern, while component orientation and flex-resistant termination options should be considered for mechanically demanding assemblies.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Causes_MLCC_Cracking_and_Failure\"><\/span>What Causes MLCC Cracking and Failure?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>MLCC cracking is mainly caused by <strong>mechanical strain transferred from the PCB into the brittle ceramic body<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Common sources include PCB bending, depaneling, screw tightening, connector insertion, press-fit operations, mechanical shock, thermal shock, rework, and unsuitable pad geometry.<\/p>\n<p>Soft-termination or flex-resistant MLCC series can absorb part of the board strain, while keeping MLCCs away from high-flex board edges and separation lines reduces the mechanical load transferred into the ceramic.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"max-width:600px;margin:24px auto 30px;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/p262-mlcc-cracking-pcb-flex.jpg\" alt=\"MLCC reliability showing board flex crack risk soft termination and edge placement\" style=\"width:100%;max-width:600px;max-height:400px;height:auto;object-fit:contain;display:block;margin:0 auto;\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Who_Are_the_Major_Multilayer_Ceramic_Capacitor_Manufacturers\"><\/span>Who Are the Major Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor Manufacturers?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Major MLCC manufacturers include <strong>Murata, TDK, Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Taiyo Yuden, Yageo\/KEMET, KYOCERA AVX, Vishay, and Walsin<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>These suppliers serve consumer, automotive, industrial, telecommunications, computing, RF, and high-reliability markets. Their parts should not be treated as automatically interchangeable even when nominal capacitance, voltage, dielectric, and case size appear identical.<\/p>\n<p>Second-source approval should compare DC bias behavior, effective capacitance, ESR, ESL, temperature characteristics, termination design, qualification, and lifecycle status.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Should_Buyers_Check_Before_Approving_an_MLCC_for_PCBA\"><\/span>What Should Buyers Check Before Approving an MLCC for PCBA?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Buyers should verify the <strong>exact part number, effective capacitance, voltage rating, dielectric, case size, temperature class, termination, qualification, and lifecycle status<\/strong> before approving an MLCC.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Check Item<\/th>\n<th>Why It Matters<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Manufacturer + exact P\/N<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Prevents ambiguous substitution<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Nominal capacitance<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Basic circuit requirement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Effective capacitance<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Real capacitance under operating bias<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Rated voltage<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Electrical margin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Dielectric<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Stability and capacitance density<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Tolerance<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Initial value range<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Case size<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>PCB area and electrical behavior<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Temperature range<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Environmental compatibility<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Termination type<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Mechanical reliability<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Qualification<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Automotive or other reliability requirements<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Lifecycle status<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Long-term sourcing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Approved alternative<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Supply continuity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Reel\/package information<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>SMT production compatibility<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>For automotive or mechanically demanding assemblies, check whether a flex-resistant or soft-termination series is required. For power applications, review effective capacitance at the actual working voltage before approving an alternate part.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQ_About_Multilayer_Ceramic_Capacitors\"><\/span>FAQ About Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>1. What does MLCC stand for?<\/strong><br \/>MLCC stands for <strong>Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Are multilayer ceramic capacitors polarized?<\/strong><br \/>No. Standard MLCCs are non-polarized and can be installed in either electrical orientation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Is X7R better than C0G?<\/strong><br \/>No. C0G provides better capacitance stability and lower loss, while X7R provides much higher capacitance density.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Why does an MLCC lose capacitance under voltage?<\/strong><br \/>Class II ceramic dielectrics such as X7R and X5R can lose effective capacitance when DC voltage is applied. The amount depends on the exact part construction.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. Can MLCCs crack on a PCB?<\/strong><br \/>Yes. PCB bending, depaneling, connector forces, screw mounting, press-fit operations, rework, and mechanical shock can crack the ceramic body.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6. Are all MLCCs SMD components?<\/strong><br \/>No. SMD chip MLCCs are the most common, but leaded, axial, radial, stacked, and specialized low-inductance versions are also available.<\/p>\n<p>A multilayer ceramic capacitor should be selected based on its <strong>actual operating behavior<\/strong>, not only the capacitance value in the BOM. Dielectric type, DC bias, working voltage, frequency behavior, package size, PCB placement, and mechanical loading all influence finished-PCBA reliability.<\/p>\n<p>For projects requiring <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/manufacturing\/pcb-manufacturing.htm\">PCB fabrication<\/a>, component sourcing, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/07\/pcba-manufacturing\/\">SMT assembly<\/a>, inspection, and functional testing, send your <strong>Gerber files, BOM, assembly drawings, approved component list, and test requirements<\/strong> to <strong>sales@bestpcbs.com<\/strong> for DFM and PCBA review.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn how a multilayer ceramic capacitor works, including MLCC types, DC bias, applications, selection, PCB layout, cracking, and reliability.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":623,"featured_media":36583,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[175,7085,7243,17],"tags":[8578,8579,8580,6469,8581],"class_list":["post-36595","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-best-pcb","category-electronic-components","category-pcb-assembly-pcba","category-smt-technology","tag-multilayer-ceramic-capacitor","tag-multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-applications","tag-multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-manufacturing-process","tag-multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-mlcc","tag-smd-multilayer-ceramic-capacitor"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how a multilayer ceramic capacitor works, including MLCC types, DC bias, applications, selection, PCB layout, cracking, and reliability.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Love PCB\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/multilayer-ceramic-capacitor-mlcc\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.9.10\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PCB &amp; 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