{"id":35782,"date":"2026-09-10T17:04:18","date_gmt":"2026-09-10T09:04:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/?p=35782"},"modified":"2026-09-10T17:04:32","modified_gmt":"2026-09-10T09:04:32","slug":"h-bridge-circuit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/h-bridge-circuit\/","title":{"rendered":"H Bridge Circuit: Diagram, Working Principle, MOSFET Design &#038; Motor Control"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/h-bridge-circuit\/#What_Is_an_H_Bridge_Circuit_and_What_Is_It_Used_For\" >What Is an H Bridge Circuit and What Is It Used For?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/h-bridge-circuit\/#What_Does_an_H_Bridge_Circuit_Diagram_Show\" >What Does an H Bridge Circuit Diagram Show?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/h-bridge-circuit\/#How_Does_an_H_Bridge_Circuit_Work_for_a_DC_Motor\" >How Does an H Bridge Circuit Work for a DC Motor?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/h-bridge-circuit\/#Half_H_Bridge_vs_Full_H_Bridge_Circuit_What_Is_the_Difference\" >Half H Bridge vs Full H Bridge Circuit: What Is the Difference?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/h-bridge-circuit\/#How_Do_You_Design_an_H_Bridge_Circuit_Using_MOSFETs\" >How Do You Design an H Bridge Circuit Using MOSFETs?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/h-bridge-circuit\/#How_Do_You_Prevent_Shoot-Through_and_Inductive_Voltage_Spikes\" >How Do You Prevent Shoot-Through and Inductive Voltage Spikes?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/h-bridge-circuit\/#H_Bridge_IC_vs_Discrete_MOSFETs_Which_Should_You_Use\" >H Bridge IC vs Discrete MOSFETs: Which Should You Use?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/h-bridge-circuit\/#What_PCB_Layout_Rules_Matter_for_an_H_Bridge_Circuit_Board\" >What PCB Layout Rules Matter for an H Bridge Circuit Board?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/h-bridge-circuit\/#How_Do_You_Simulate_and_Test_an_H_Bridge_Circuit\" >How Do You Simulate and Test an H Bridge Circuit?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/h-bridge-circuit\/#FAQ\" >FAQ<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/h-bridge-circuit\/#Need_Support_With_an_H_Bridge_PCB_or_PCBA_Project\" >Need Support With an H Bridge PCB or PCBA Project?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<div class=\"yzp-no-index\"><\/div>\n<article>\n<p>An <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/h-bridge-circuit\/\">H bridge circuit<\/a> is a four-switch circuit that reverses the voltage across a load, allowing a DC motor to run forward or backward. It can also support PWM speed control, braking, and bidirectional current control. A typical full H bridge uses four MOSFETs or transistors arranged around the motor.<\/p>\n<p>The basic circuit is simple, but a reliable H bridge design depends on correct MOSFET selection, gate timing, stall current, inductive protection, PCB current paths, and heat dissipation. These details become especially important when a schematic moves into an actual H bridge circuit board.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width:100%;max-width:600px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;\"> <figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"H bridge circuit diagram with four MOSFETs and a DC motor\" height=\"1086\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/p195-h-bridge-circuit-hero.png\" style=\"width:100%;max-width:600px;max-height:400px;height:auto;object-fit:contain;display:block;\" width=\"1448\"><\/figure> <\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_an_H_Bridge_Circuit_and_What_Is_It_Used_For\"><\/span>What Is an H Bridge Circuit and What Is It Used For?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>An H bridge circuit controls the direction of current through a load by switching its two terminals between the power supply and ground.<\/p>\n<p>The circuit normally contains:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Two high-side switches<\/li>\n<li>Two low-side switches<\/li>\n<li>A DC supply<\/li>\n<li>A load connected between the two switching legs<\/li>\n<li>Control signals for the four switches<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Its name comes from the traditional circuit diagram. The four switching devices form the sides of an imaginary \u201cH,\u201d while the motor or load sits across the center.<\/p>\n<p>The main purpose of an H bridge is polarity reversal. Instead of physically swapping the wires connected to a DC motor, the switches reverse the voltage across the motor electronically.<\/p>\n<p>Common applications include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>DC motor forward and reverse control<\/li>\n<li>PWM motor speed control<\/li>\n<li>Motor braking<\/li>\n<li>Solenoids and actuators<\/li>\n<li>Robotics and motion systems<\/li>\n<li>Bidirectional current control<\/li>\n<li>Class-D output stages<\/li>\n<li>DC-to-AC inverter stages<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For a brushed DC motor, reversing armature current reverses motor rotation. That is why the H bridge has become a standard circuit in motor-control electronics.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Does_an_H_Bridge_Circuit_Diagram_Show\"><\/span>What Does an H Bridge Circuit Diagram Show?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>An H bridge circuit diagram shows four switches arranged in two legs, with the motor connected between the two switching nodes.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width:100%;max-width:600px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;\"> <figure><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"H bridge circuit diagram showing forward and reverse current paths through a DC motor\" height=\"1086\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/p195-h-bridge-forward-reverse.png\" style=\"width:100%;max-width:600px;max-height:400px;height:auto;object-fit:contain;display:block;\" width=\"1448\"><\/figure>  <\/figure>\n<p>A typical MOSFET H bridge includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q1: left high-side MOSFET<\/li>\n<li>Q2: left low-side MOSFET<\/li>\n<li>Q3: right high-side MOSFET<\/li>\n<li>Q4: right low-side MOSFET<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The circuit changes motor polarity by turning on opposite diagonal MOSFETs.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap wp-block-table\" style=\"max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Active MOSFETs<\/th>\n<th>Left Motor Terminal<\/th>\n<th>Right Motor Terminal<\/th>\n<th>Result<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Q1 + Q4<\/td>\n<td>High<\/td>\n<td>Low<\/td>\n<td>Current in one direction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q2 + Q3<\/td>\n<td>Low<\/td>\n<td>High<\/td>\n<td>Current in the opposite direction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>All OFF<\/td>\n<td>Floating<\/td>\n<td>Floating<\/td>\n<td>Coast<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Both motor terminals at the same potential<\/td>\n<td>Same<\/td>\n<td>Same<\/td>\n<td>Brake<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<p>Switch labels differ between schematics, so it is more useful to follow the current path than memorize Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 positions.<\/p>\n<p>One switching rule is critical: the high-side and low-side MOSFET in the same leg must not conduct at the same time. Otherwise, they can create a direct path from the supply rail to ground. This condition is called shoot-through.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Does_an_H_Bridge_Circuit_Work_for_a_DC_Motor\"><\/span>How Does an H Bridge Circuit Work for a DC Motor?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>An H bridge controls a DC motor by reversing the voltage polarity across its two terminals.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width:100%;max-width:600px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;\"> <figure><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"H bridge DC motor control states showing forward, reverse, coast, and brake\" height=\"1086\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/p195-h-bridge-four-operating-states.png\" style=\"width:100%;max-width:600px;max-height:400px;height:auto;object-fit:contain;display:block;\" width=\"1448\"><\/figure>  <\/figure>\n<p>For forward rotation, one high-side MOSFET and the diagonally opposite low-side MOSFET conduct. Current flows through the motor in one direction.<\/p>\n<p>For reverse rotation, the opposite diagonal pair turns on. The motor current reverses, so the motor rotates the other way.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap wp-block-table\" style=\"max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>H Bridge State<\/th>\n<th>Switching Condition<\/th>\n<th>Motor Response<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Forward<\/td>\n<td>First diagonal pair ON<\/td>\n<td>Forward rotation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Reverse<\/td>\n<td>Opposite diagonal pair ON<\/td>\n<td>Reverse rotation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Coast<\/td>\n<td>All switches OFF<\/td>\n<td>Motor slows freely<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Brake<\/td>\n<td>Motor terminals held at similar potential<\/td>\n<td>Faster deceleration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<p>PWM is normally used when speed control is also required. The controller rapidly switches the bridge and changes the duty cycle to adjust the average voltage applied to the motor.<\/p>\n<p>Motor current should be checked carefully before selecting the power stage. Important values include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Normal running current<\/li>\n<li>Startup current<\/li>\n<li>Stall current<\/li>\n<li>Current during rapid direction reversal<\/li>\n<li>Expected PWM duty cycle<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Stall current is particularly important because it can be several times higher than normal operating current. MOSFETs, PCB copper, connectors, and the power supply must all tolerate this condition.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Half_H_Bridge_vs_Full_H_Bridge_Circuit_What_Is_the_Difference\"><\/span>Half H Bridge vs Full H Bridge Circuit: What Is the Difference?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A half bridge uses one pair of switches, while a full H bridge uses two half-bridge legs and normally contains four switches.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width:100%;max-width:600px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;\"> <figure><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Half bridge versus full H bridge circuit comparison\" height=\"1086\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/p195-half-bridge-vs-full-h-bridge.png\" style=\"width:100%;max-width:600px;max-height:400px;height:auto;object-fit:contain;display:block;\" width=\"1448\"><\/figure>  <\/figure>\n<div class=\"table-wrap wp-block-table\" style=\"max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Feature<\/th>\n<th>Half Bridge<\/th>\n<th>Full H Bridge<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Main switches<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Switching legs<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Output<\/td>\n<td>One switched midpoint<\/td>\n<td>Two switched midpoints<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Load polarity reversal<\/td>\n<td>Not by itself<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>DC motor reversing<\/td>\n<td>Requires additional circuitry<\/td>\n<td>Directly supported<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Typical applications<\/td>\n<td>Power conversion, inverter legs<\/td>\n<td>Motors, actuators, full-bridge inverters<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<p>In a half bridge, the output switches between the upper and lower supply rails.<\/p>\n<p>A full H bridge places the load between two half-bridge switching nodes. Because either side of the load can be driven high or low, the voltage across it can be reversed.<\/p>\n<p>For this reason, a full H bridge is normally used when a DC motor needs both forward and reverse operation.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Do_You_Design_an_H_Bridge_Circuit_Using_MOSFETs\"><\/span>How Do You Design an H Bridge Circuit Using MOSFETs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A MOSFET H bridge should be designed from the actual supply voltage, motor current, switching frequency, and thermal conditions.<\/p>\n<p>The most important MOSFET parameters are below.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Drain-source voltage<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The MOSFET VDS rating must exceed the highest voltage it may see in operation, including supply tolerance and switching overshoot.<\/p>\n<p>Motor windings are inductive, so the peak drain voltage can be higher than the nominal DC bus voltage.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Current rating<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Do not size the MOSFET from running current alone. Check:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Continuous motor current<\/li>\n<li>Startup current<\/li>\n<li>Stall current<\/li>\n<li>Short-duration peak current<\/li>\n<li>Expected board and ambient temperature<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Datasheet current ratings are strongly affected by package temperature and PCB thermal conditions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>RDS(on)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>MOSFET conduction loss can be estimated with:<\/p>\n<div class=\"formula\">P = I\u00b2 \u00d7 RDS(on)<\/div>\n<p>Low RDS(on) becomes increasingly important as motor current rises. Use the resistance expected at the real junction temperature rather than relying only on the 25\u00b0C typical value.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gate charge<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gate charge affects how quickly the MOSFET can switch. A device with very low RDS(on) may have a larger gate charge, which requires more current from the gate driver. Slow transitions increase switching loss.<\/p>\n<p><strong>High-side drive<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A high-side N-channel MOSFET usually needs a gate voltage above its source voltage.<\/p>\n<p>Common drive methods include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bootstrap gate drivers<\/li>\n<li>Charge-pump drivers<\/li>\n<li>Isolated gate-driver supplies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Low-voltage circuits sometimes use P-channel MOSFETs on the high side because they are easier to drive, although their RDS(on) is often higher.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PWM frequency<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PWM frequency affects both control behavior and switching loss. A higher frequency may move switching noise above the audible range, but it also increases switching events per second.<\/p>\n<p>The final choice should suit the motor, MOSFET, driver, and thermal budget rather than being selected in isolation.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Do_You_Prevent_Shoot-Through_and_Inductive_Voltage_Spikes\"><\/span>How Do You Prevent Shoot-Through and Inductive Voltage Spikes?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Shoot-through is controlled with correct gate timing, while inductive voltage spikes are controlled by giving motor current a safe path when the MOSFETs switch.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width:100%;max-width:600px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;\"> <figure><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"MOSFET H bridge protection showing gate driver, dead time, bus capacitor, and recirculation path\" height=\"1086\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/p195-h-bridge-mosfet-protection.png\" style=\"width:100%;max-width:600px;max-height:400px;height:auto;object-fit:contain;display:block;\" width=\"1448\"><\/figure>  <\/figure>\n<p><strong>Shoot-through prevention<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Shoot-through happens when both MOSFETs in the same bridge leg conduct simultaneously.<\/p>\n<p>Possible results include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Very high supply current<\/li>\n<li>MOSFET overheating<\/li>\n<li>Gate-driver damage<\/li>\n<li>Supply voltage collapse<\/li>\n<li>PCB or connector damage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The usual solution is dead time. One MOSFET is allowed to turn fully off before the complementary MOSFET turns on.<\/p>\n<p>Required dead time depends on:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>MOSFET switching characteristics<\/li>\n<li>Gate charge<\/li>\n<li>Gate resistance<\/li>\n<li>Driver source and sink current<\/li>\n<li>Propagation delay<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Too little dead time risks cross-conduction. Too much increases body-diode conduction and power loss.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Inductive voltage control<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Motor current cannot stop instantly when a MOSFET turns off. The stored magnetic energy must continue flowing through another path.<\/p>\n<p>Depending on the design, this path may use:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>MOSFET body diodes<\/li>\n<li>External diodes<\/li>\n<li>Synchronous MOSFET conduction<\/li>\n<li>TVS devices<\/li>\n<li>Snubber circuits<\/li>\n<li>Local bus capacitors<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The protection components should be selected from the actual motor current and measured switching waveform, not only from the nominal supply voltage.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"H_Bridge_IC_vs_Discrete_MOSFETs_Which_Should_You_Use\"><\/span>H Bridge IC vs Discrete MOSFETs: Which Should You Use?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>An H bridge IC is usually easier for compact low- or medium-power designs, while external MOSFETs provide more flexibility for higher-current applications.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap wp-block-table\" style=\"max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Design<\/th>\n<th>Best Fit<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Integrated H bridge IC<\/td>\n<td>Compact, lower-power designs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Driver IC + external MOSFETs<\/td>\n<td>Medium- to high-power motor control<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Discrete bridge<\/td>\n<td>Highly customized power stages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<p>An integrated H bridge IC may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Power switches<\/li>\n<li>Gate drivers<\/li>\n<li>Overcurrent protection<\/li>\n<li>Thermal shutdown<\/li>\n<li>Undervoltage lockout<\/li>\n<li>Current sensing<\/li>\n<li>Fault reporting<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This reduces component count and simplifies the PCB.<\/p>\n<p>External MOSFETs are useful when the design requires:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Higher motor current<\/li>\n<li>Higher bus voltage<\/li>\n<li>Lower conduction loss<\/li>\n<li>Better heat spreading<\/li>\n<li>Specific MOSFET packages<\/li>\n<li>Custom switching behavior<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Many practical motor controllers use a gate-driver IC with four external N-channel MOSFETs. This keeps the control function integrated while allowing the power devices to be selected separately.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_PCB_Layout_Rules_Matter_for_an_H_Bridge_Circuit_Board\"><\/span>What PCB Layout Rules Matter for an H Bridge Circuit Board?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>An H bridge circuit board should keep high-current and high-speed switching paths short while separating noisy switching nodes from sensitive control signals.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width:100%;max-width:600px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;\"> <figure><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"H bridge PCB layout with high-current copper, decoupling, gate driver, thermal vias, current sense, and oscilloscope testing\" height=\"1086\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/p195-h-bridge-pcb-layout-testing.png\" style=\"width:100%;max-width:600px;max-height:400px;height:auto;object-fit:contain;display:block;\" width=\"1448\"><\/figure>  <\/figure>\n<p>The most important PCB layout rules are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Keep the DC bus switching loop compact.<\/li>\n<li>Place local ceramic decoupling close to the MOSFET bridge.<\/li>\n<li>Keep gate-driver traces short.<\/li>\n<li>Provide a direct gate-return path.<\/li>\n<li>Keep switching-node copper away from analog and control signals.<\/li>\n<li>Size power copper for peak motor current, not only running current.<\/li>\n<li>Provide adequate thermal copper under power MOSFETs.<\/li>\n<li>Use thermal or current-sharing vias where required.<\/li>\n<li>Route current-sense connections separately from motor current paths.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The bus capacitor is especially important. If it is too far from the MOSFET bridge, the extra trace inductance can increase drain-voltage ringing.<\/p>\n<p>High-current H bridge boards may require more than ordinary trace widening. Depending on current and thermal limits, the PCB can use:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Large copper pours<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/2026\/09\/thick-pcb-board-vs-heavy-copper-pcb\/\">Heavier copper<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Parallel copper layers<\/li>\n<li>Dense via arrays<\/li>\n<li>Copper inlays or busbars<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Switching-node copper should be large enough for electrical and thermal needs but not unnecessarily oversized. Large high-dV\/dt areas increase capacitive coupling and EMI.<\/p>\n<p>Current-sense circuits also deserve careful routing. Kelvin connections should be used where a low-value shunt resistor is measured, and its sense traces should be kept away from fast switching nodes.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Do_You_Simulate_and_Test_an_H_Bridge_Circuit\"><\/span>How Do You Simulate and Test an H Bridge Circuit?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>H bridge simulation should verify switching timing and device stress, while prototype testing should confirm the actual waveforms, current, and temperature on the assembled PCB.<\/p>\n<p>Useful simulation results include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>High-side and low-side gate waveforms<\/li>\n<li>Dead time<\/li>\n<li>Motor current<\/li>\n<li>Current reversal<\/li>\n<li>PWM behavior<\/li>\n<li>Switching-node voltage<\/li>\n<li>Drain-source voltage<\/li>\n<li>Voltage overshoot<\/li>\n<li>MOSFET power loss<\/li>\n<li>DC bus ripple<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ideal switch models are useful for learning the basic H bridge operation, but realistic MOSFET and diode models are more useful when checking switching loss or transient behavior.<\/p>\n<p>After assembly, test the board under realistic operating conditions.<\/p>\n<p>Typical measurements include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>MOSFET gate-source voltage<\/li>\n<li>Bridge switching-node waveform<\/li>\n<li>Motor startup current<\/li>\n<li>Stall or near-stall current<\/li>\n<li>Direction-reversal behavior<\/li>\n<li>DC bus overshoot<\/li>\n<li>MOSFET temperature<\/li>\n<li>Connector and copper temperature<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Testing should cover the expected supply voltage, motor load, PWM duty cycle, ambient temperature, and operating time.<\/p>\n<p>A motor that runs correctly at no load does not prove that the H bridge can handle startup, stall, braking, or repeated direction changes.<\/p>\n<p>Use appropriate measurement equipment when probing high-side or floating switching nodes. A differential probe or isolated measurement method may be required to avoid creating an accidental short through the oscilloscope ground.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQ\"><\/span>FAQ<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>1. Why is it called an H bridge circuit?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Because the traditional circuit diagram resembles the letter H. Four switches form the sides, and the motor or load connects across the middle.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Can an H bridge control motor speed and direction?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yes. The H bridge reverses motor direction by changing polarity, while PWM controls the average voltage used for speed control.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. What is the difference between a half bridge and a full H bridge?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A half bridge has one switching leg with two switches. A full H bridge has two switching legs and normally four switches, allowing the load voltage to reverse.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. What causes shoot-through in an H bridge circuit?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Shoot-through occurs when the high-side and low-side MOSFET in the same leg conduct at the same time. Proper dead time prevents this condition.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. Can an H bridge circuit be used as an inverter?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yes. A full H bridge can alternate the polarity across a load and is commonly used in inverter power stages.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6. What is a dual H bridge circuit?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A dual H bridge contains two independent H bridge channels. It can drive two bidirectional DC motors or other loads from one circuit or IC.<\/p>\n<section class=\"cta\">\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Need_Support_With_an_H_Bridge_PCB_or_PCBA_Project\"><\/span>Need Support With an H Bridge PCB or PCBA Project?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>An H bridge PCB has to carry motor current while controlling fast switching edges, heat, gate timing, and inductive transients within the same board.<\/p>\n<p>EBest Circuit supports <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/manufacturing\/pcb-manufacturing.htm\">PCB fabrication<\/a> and PCBA for motor-control and power-electronics projects. If you are preparing an H bridge circuit board, send your <strong>Gerber files, BOM, schematic or fabrication drawing, operating voltage, motor current, and quantity<\/strong> to <a href=\"mailto:sales@bestpcbs.com\">sales@bestpcbs.com<\/a> for engineering review and quotation.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/article>\n\n\n\n<div><script type=\"application\/ld+json\"><br \/>\n  {<br \/>\n    \"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",<br \/>\n    \"@type\":\"Article\",<br \/>\n    \"headline\":\"H Bridge Circuit: Diagram, Working Principle, MOSFET Design & Motor Control\",<br \/>\n    \"description\":\"Learn how an H bridge circuit works, how it controls DC motor direction and speed, how to select MOSFETs, prevent shoot-through, and design the PCB layout.\",<br \/>\n    \"image\":\"https:\/\/www.bestpcbs.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/p195-h-bridge-circuit-hero.png\"<br \/>\n  }<br \/>\n  <\/script><script type=\"application\/ld+json\"><br \/>\n  {<br \/>\n    \"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",<br \/>\n    \"@type\":\"FAQPage\",<br \/>\n    \"mainEntity\":[<br \/>\n      {<br \/>\n        \"@type\":\"Question\",<br \/>\n        \"name\":\"Why is it called an H bridge circuit?\",<br \/>\n        \"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Because the traditional circuit diagram resembles the letter H. 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